韩忠+杜晓初

摘 要：武汉市天兴洲是1998年洪水之后移民建镇政策下出现的长江岛屿型村镇转型的典型代表。十几年来，受移民政策影响，天兴洲绝大部分村民迁往武汉市区并在移民新村聚居，天兴洲的定位随之发生了巨大转变，即，从传统农田保护区转变为郊野公园，经济开发主体和产业结构明显调整，生态旅游等服务业增长，农业内部也向多元化发展，乡村空间结构深刻改变。但天兴洲的转型还面临着多重困难，不仅受制于自然条件和资金支撑不足，还表现为基层工作被动、资源配置错位和新的社会不公。这既需要天兴洲村民自身的承担和付出，也需要各级政府不断完善移民政策。

关键词：天兴洲;灾区;移民;城镇化;转型

Abstract：Because of the flood of the Yangtze River in 1998， the local government took an “Immigration and construction of new towns” policy in Wuhan City. Under its influence， some island-based towns in the Yangtze River changes greatly. Tianxing town is such a typical model， which has transformed from the traditional rural town to a suburban park. During the last 10 years period， its economic development body and industrial structure has profoundly transformed. The service sector grows， especially in the tourism industry. And the agriculture began to diversify. At the same time， the rural spatial structure also appears to change. But the transformation of the Tianxing town is facing multiple difficulties， which not only are the natural and economic reason， but also mainly are the weakness of the grassroots government， resource dislocation and new social injustice. This requires both commitment and endeavor of the villagers themselves， but also relies on the governments at all levels to improve the immigration and related policies to resolve.

Key words：Tianxing Island; flood; immigration; rural community; transformation

中圖分类号：C912 文献标识码：A

文章编号：1674-4144（2017）-02-52（5）

长江干支流多沙洲岛屿，在湖北境内即有数十个，很多是景观独特的岛屿型乡村[1]。但洪水一直是困扰其生存发展的达摩克利斯之剑。1998年长江洪水之后，各级政府出于保护当地居民免受洪灾或经济发展等考虑，采取了一些移民政策。这些移民政策给予长江岛屿型乡村以深刻影响，尤其是在快速城市化背景下，对靠近城市的岛屿型乡村的影响更加彰显。天兴洲，是位于长江之中地处武汉城区边缘的一个沙洲，四面环水，长13km，平均宽2.3km，面积约30km2，与澳门特别行政区面积几乎相等，是乡建制，有长期的开发史。本文选其为个案，考察1998年长江洪水之后移民建镇（村）政策实施以来其乡村转型的过程，分析影响其转型的诸种因素及其作用机制，并对其所面临的现实困难加以阐述，以期为全面考量洪水移民政策的实施效果和城乡关系提供多维视角。……