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家庭医生干预对社区糖尿病高危人群的影响

2017-01-03刘丰兵钱敏

上海医药 2016年24期

刘丰兵+钱敏

摘 要 目的:观察对糖尿病前期患者进行家庭医生强化生活方式干预的效果。方法:2013年至2015年,每年的2月至6月,按照中国2型糖尿病(T2DM)防治指南标准,对杨浦区长白街道社区户籍居民中≥40岁的720名T2DM高危人群进行空腹血糖(FBG)及餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)筛查,对糖调节受损(IGR)患者进行家庭医生强化干预,实施深化健康管理。干预后,比较三年中IGR患者及T2DM患者检出率、IGR患者及T2DM患者中的FBG及2hPG的最高数值变化以及IGR患者的转归情况。结果:干预后IGR患者及T2DM患者检出率呈下降趋势(P<0.05);IGR患者及T2DM患者FBG及2hPG最高数值呈下降趋势(P<0.05);IGR患者转为正常的比率升高,转为T2DM患者的比率下降(P<0.05)。结论:家庭医生强化生活方式干预有助于降低前期人群向糖尿病转化的概率,从而达到预防和控制糖尿病发病率。

关键词 糖尿病家庭医生; 强化干预; 高危人群

中图分类号:R544.1文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)24-0055-03

Influence of family doctor intervention on the community high risk population of

diabetes

LIU Fengbing, QIANG Min

(Changbai Community Health Service Center of Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To observe the effect of the family doctor to strengthen life style intervention on the patients in the early stage of diabetes. Methods: From February to June of 2013 to 2015, according to the standards of Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) prevention and treatment guidelines, fasting blood glucose(FBG) and postprandial 2 h blood glucose(2hPG) of 720 community permanent residents over 40 years with type 2 diabetes(T2DM) in high risk were screened in Changbai Neighborhood Community of Yangpu District. Family doctor intensive intervention was given to the patients with impaired glucose regulation(IGR), and the deepening of health management was implemented for them. After intervention, detection rates of IGR and T2DM patients, the changes of the highest values of FBG and 2hPG in patients with IGR and T2DM and the prognosis of patients with IGR were compared for the three years. Results: After the intervention, the detection rates of IGR and T2DM patients showed a downward trend(P<0.05). The highest values of FBG and 2hPG decreased in IGR and T2DM patients(P<0.05). The rate of IGR patients turned to normal increased, and rate of conversion to T2DM patients decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion: Family doctor strengthening lifestyle intervention is helpful to reduce the probability of conversion of the pre-diabetic population to diabetes so as to prevent and control its incidence.

KEY WORDS diabetes; family doctor; intensive intervention; high-risk group

随着经济高速发展和人们生活方式的改变,糖尿病的发病率逐年上升,已成为威胁人类健康的主要杀手[1]。从正常人发展至糖尿病患者的移行阶段,称之为糖尿病前期,此阶段人群糖调节受损(IGR)[2],尽管血糖水平只是轻微升高,也没有明显的临床症状,但如果不及时有效地干预,血糖继续升高,会加重胰岛素分泌缺陷,最终大多会发展为糖尿病。此外,研究还发现,糖调节受损者大血管病变及外周血管病变的危险性明显增加,发生率接近40%。但糖尿病前期具有可逆性,可通过社区糖尿病高危人群筛查,及时发现空腹血糖受损(IFG)和糖耐量受损(IGT)患者,对这些患者进行积极的健康教育,使其改变不良生活方式,可减少糖尿病的发生。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

2013年至2015年,每年的2月至6月,以居民健康档案为平台,按照《中国2型糖尿病……

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