周红元

近些年来英语书面表达的阅卷采用了新的标准，不再把要点齐全、语法正确作为阅卷的最高标准，而要求考生运用一些高级表达方式来提升文章的档次。也就是说阅卷老师最注重的是语言，换句话说是亮点，根据语言使用情况，亮点的多少而定出档次，所以考生在书面表达中语言上的亮点是得高分的关键。常见的有：高级词汇和句型;修辞手法;有效的连词;名人名言或谚语。本文简单介绍亮点当中至关重要的高级表达形式，过渡词语等一些技巧的使用。

一、高级表达的类型

1.尽力使用高级词汇

词汇量能反映一个人知识储存量的多少，灵活运用高级词汇是语言能力较强的重要标志。表达时使用高级词汇能有效地提高表达的层次，使语言不至于单纯和幼稚。

（1）写作中要根据具体的语言环境，使用些具有特定意义，蕴含感情色彩的词语，少用一些过于大众化的词汇。

He is a good teacher .和 He is a warm-hearted teacher.

“good”一词可以用来表“人”，也可用来表“事”，但用在特定的语言环境中，最好想一个更能说明事物特征的词来替换。

（2）尽可能用短语。多使用短语，来代替单词，会增加文采，同时也使句子表达更形象生动。

①I have asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you want.

I have asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you have been looking forward to .

②I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us.

I can no longer put up with the way he speaks to us.

（3）使用高中阶段的新词。写作中要尽可能使用高中学过的词汇来代替初中学过的一些同义的简单的词汇。

Each time I meet him， he is busy with his research.

Each time I meet him， he is occupied with his research.

（4）尽量在同一文章中不重复使用某个词。

Weve built a new experiment building beside the old one and weve also built a library where the old playground used to be.

Weve built a new experiment building beside the old one and weve also set up a library where the old playground used to be.

不难发现，以上例句中，第二种表达方式与第一种表达的意思相同，但使用的词汇或短语使句子表达更加的生动化、多样化。因此，为了能在写作中突破，须从以上几点进行强化训练。

二、使用复杂结构

在一篇短文中，要适当地改变语法结构来表达同一种意思，会使文章表达多样化，层次感突出，也就是把阅卷老师心目中的亮点凸显出来。在书面表达中的亮点句式主要有以下几种：倒装、强调、从句、分词结构、感叹句、with复合结构 以及虚拟语气等

（1）妙用倒装句。在一篇陈述到底的文章中，有倒装句的出现会使阅卷老师眼前一亮。

【典例1】They can grow up to be independent and become truly successful only in this way.

→Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.

【典例2】Although I was tired， I never felt so happy.

→ Tired as I was， I never felt so happy.（倒装句）

（2）巧用被动句。受汉语思维影响，在写作时，考生通常使用主动语态来表达文义。其实，在一篇文章中适当使用被动语态，也会使句型丰富起来。

【典例3】We should make full use of every minute to learn English well.

→Every minute should be made full use of to learn English well.

【典例4】Youd better pay more attention to your pronunciation.

→More attention should be paid to your pronunciation.

（3）会用分词结构。在英语语法中，分词的用法是一重点难点，其在句中的功能也是多变的，因此，学会使用分词结构，尤其是分词作状语的结构，完全可以用来替代状语从句，从而也增加文章的亮点。

【典例5】When we are faced with this terrible situation， we never give in to it.

→Faced with this terrible situation， we never give in to it.

【典例6】All the books which are offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.

→All the books offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day

（4）用好复合句。利用基础词汇和基本句型来写作，尽管无语法错误，也不能得到高分，而在写作中能用好复合句等较复杂的句式，即：名词性从句，状语从句，定语从句，强调句型等，即使有小错误（只要不是表达错误）亦可得到最高档次的分数。

【典例7】我们最喜欢的是我们在一起赏月的那段时光。

→What we love most is the time when we enjoyed the full moon together.

（主语从句）

【典例8】自从上大学以来，我一直担任班长，这大大提高了我的组织能力。

→I have been class monitor since I came to our college， which greatly brought me a strong ability of organization.（定语从句）

（5）活用强调句行。

【典例9】We can finish the task on time in this way.

→It is in this way that we can finish the task on time.

三、巧用过渡性词语，增强文章的逻辑性衔接

在经过审题、拟点、写要点、充实句子之后，能有效地使用语句间或段落间的过渡词将句子或段落衔接好，使文章更加的流畅自然，是考生突破书面表达的关键一步。下面将几种过渡衔接词语归纳如下：

（1）开篇表达型。according to， at first， first ， first of all， to start with， recently， so far， up to now ， at present， in recent years， currently 等。

（2）承上启下型。whats more， furthermore， moreover， besides， in addition （to）， whats worse， to make matters worse， worse still， on the one hand… on the other hand， for example， such as， as follows， then， that is（to say）， in other words， meanwhile， at the same time等。

（3）前因后果型。because ， as， since， thanks to， due to， owing to， as a result （of）， because of， in view of， on account of， as a consequence， one reason is that …， another reason is that…， so …as to…， so…that， so that， therefore等。

（4）转折过渡型。but， however， on the contrary， or ， or else， otherwise， while， despite， in spite of， regardless of， instead （of） ， no matter who （what， when ， where等）以及what/ who/ when/ where 等/+ever等。

（5）总结概括型。in short， in brief， in a word， on the whole， in general， above all， finally， in conclusion， at last， in summary， in ones opinion， as far as sb. be concerned等e.g①I dont like the dress. Its too expensive.

→I dont like the dress， whats more， its too expensive.

②I will go to Beijing for a visit and I will go on a trip to Sichuan， where there are a great number of places of interest.

→I will go to Beijing for a visit. In addition， Ill go on a trip to Sichuan， where there are a great number of places of interest.

练习：Dear friends，

In todays world，（1）it will be helpful to be able master a foreign language in our life. Here Id like to share my learning methods.

A， I think it useful to learn grammar and remember as many useful sentence patterns as I can. I believe（2）if we read more English， our English will be better. B I spend much time reading English newspapers and magazines after class. （3）It helps to improve my English. C， TV and radio programs are very helpful.

①Learning English D increases my awareness of foreign cultures E

helps me to communicate with English-speaking people and to make more new friends.

F， sometimes I get discouraged G I keep forgetting words I have just learned. Id like to use the opportunity to seek for your advice. Thank you ！②

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

按要求将文章改写：

1.在A～G处加上适当的过度词或关连词

A. B.

C. D.

E. F.

G.

2.将序号（1）后的句子改变主语形式后为：

3.将序号（2）后的句子用另外句型表达为：

4.将序号（3）后的句子与其前句子合并为复合句：

5.将序号①② 换成短语表达为：

①

②

答案：

1.A. At first 及类似均可

B .So

C. Besides/ In addition等类型均可

D. not only

E  but also

F.  However

G   because

2.being able to master a foreign language will be helpful

3.the more we read， the better our English will be

4.I spend much time reading English newspapers and magazines after class， which helps to improve my English

5. ①of great help  ②make use of

四、归纳总结

（1）无论使用高级词汇，多样句式还是过渡衔接词，都要经过再三斟酌，确保没有明显的语法错误或上下文之间的逻辑关系恰当合理，否则会弄巧成拙。

（2）使用高级表达和过渡衔接词时，要运用自然，不矫揉造作，不要一味追求新、奇、难的语法。

（3）在使用高级表达时，也不要全篇均是高级表达，否则让阅卷者读起来很不自然，显得更加地生硬。