胎母输血综合征1例及文献复习
2016-12-27谢玮步仰高
谢玮 步仰高
[摘要] 胎母输血综合征是妊娠期胎儿血液或部分成分通过破损的胎盘绒毛间隙进入母体血循环系统,最终导致胎儿不同程度失血及母体类似溶血的一组症候群,是一种少见的产科疾病。由于发病隐蔽,产前诊断比较困难,容易漏诊,诊断时胎儿往往已严重贫血,甚至胎死宫内。因此,本文对解放军第一零五医院收治的1例胎母输血综合征患者的病史、临床特征、相关检查及治疗过程进行综合分析,探讨胎母输血综合征的病因、诊断流程、鉴别诊断及治疗要点,旨在总结经验以降低其引起的围生儿并发症的发生率和死亡率。
[关键词] 胎母输血综合征;胎儿窘迫;诊断;鉴别
[中图分类号] R714.43 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)10(b)-0167-04
[Abstract] Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is a kind of rare obstetric disease, caused by fetal blood or its components throughing the broken placenta intervillous space into the maternal blood circulation system, and leading to fetal blood loss and maternal hemolysis. FMH is difficult in diagnosis, when it was diagnosed, severe anemia or even death often happened in fetal. In 1 case of FMH happened in the 105th Hospital of PLA, patient history, clinical features, examination and treatment process were analyzed to investigate the etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment, and to sum up the experience in order to reduce the incidence and mortality of perinatal complications caused by FMH.
[Key words] Fetomaternal hemorrhage; Fetal distress; Diagnostic; Discriminate
胎母输血综合征是产科临床实践中极其稀少的疾病表现类型,是在妊娠过程中,因胎儿血液或者胎儿血液中的部分成分借由存在破损现象的胎盘绒毛间隙进入自身母体血液循环系统,继而引致宫内胎儿发生一定程度的失血症状,同时导致妊娠母体发生近似溶血的一组症候群[1-2]。胎儿血液漏出现象,通常可以发生在从胎儿绒毛组织形成到胎儿宫内妊娠生理过程结束(分娩)的任意一个时间点,且96%~98%的妊娠妇女血液生理系统都会包含一定数量的血液。在妊娠妇女分娩过程中,50%的分娩者的血液循环系统都能够检测到胎儿红细胞,但是并不是所有的此类产妇在分娩过程中都会出现严重溶血症状。现阶段,产科临床医学实践领域尚未形成针对大量出血事件的统一性和公认性临床诊断标准。……
