杨登成

摘要：2015年7月22日下午，贺兰山中南部发生短历时强降雨，造成永宁县闽宁镇西侧贺兰山多条山洪沟发生山洪，北五沟拦洪库泄洪建筑物损毁。8月10日下午，相似雨水情再次发生，洪水经导洪沟进入横沟拦洪库。这两次洪水造成闽宁镇北五沟拦洪库泄洪闸冲毁、导洪堤多处迎水面护坡塌落、多条渠道损坏、部分葡萄掩埋。贺兰山东麓山洪，给我们敲响了警钟。本文主要通过对永宁县150722与150810两次降水引起的洪水开展山洪灾害调查，摸清贺兰山东麓山洪灾害的区域分布，掌握山洪灾害防治区内的水文气象、地形地貌、社会经济、历史山洪灾害、涉水工程、山洪沟基本情况，并建立山洪灾害调查成果数据库，为山洪灾害分析评价和防治提供基础数据，为山洪预警系统合理设置预警指标阈值提供科学的数据支持。

Abstract： In the afternoon of July 22， 2015， heavy rainfall occurred in the south of Helan Mountain， resulting in the flooding of several mountain torrents on the west side of Minning Town， Yongning County. In the afternoon of August 10， similar rain occurred again， the flood flowed into the transverse groove detention library by the flood channel guide. The two floods caused Minning town north five ditch flood reservoir flood gate being destroyed， much flood guiding embankment water surface protection slope collapsed， multiple channel damaged， and some grapes are buried. The Helan Mountain East Mountain flash floods gave us a wake-up call. This paper investigates the flood disaster based on the two flood disasters caused by precipitation in Yongning on 15/07/22 and 15/08/10， to find the regional distribution of torrential disaster in the east of Helan Mountain， master the hydrological and meteorological features， topography， socio-economy， historical torrential flood， water-related project and mountain torrent ditch basic situation and establishes mountain torrent disaster survey results database to provide basic data for evaluation and prevention of mountain torrent disaster， and provide the scientific data support for setting up the early warning index threshold reasonably in the mountain torrent warning system.

关键词：贺兰山东麓；山洪灾害；山洪灾害防治基础数据；山洪预警系统

Key words： east of Helan Mountain；mountain torrent disaster；mountain torrent disaster prevention and control basic data；mountain flood warning system

中图分类号：TV87 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-4311（2016）31-0131-04

0 引言

永宁县是宁夏2014年度山洪灾害调查评价县之一，地处宁夏银川平原引黄灌区中部，东临黄河、西靠贺兰山，是宁夏回族自治区首府银川市的郊县，位于银川市区以南。山洪灾害主要由暴雨产生，多为短历时局地暴雨，年际变化大，有明显的季节性和地区性。洪水特性与暴雨特性相应，汇流时间短，来势凶猛，暴涨暴落，一般洪水过程约3～6h左右，山洪灾害的突发性、区域性、季节性较为明显，致使山洪的危害性、破坏性极强，造成损失较大。……