袁祥静+苏娇+程元祯

【摘要】目的：了解我市成年女性生殖系统相关疾病的发病情况。方法：2015年4月至8月采用整群抽样的方法选择在铜陵市铜官山区、狮子山区和郊区1853例自愿参加该研究的成年女性为研究对象，采用自行设计的调查问卷对研究对象一般资料进行调查，行妇科常规检查、白带常规、TCT及盆腔B超检查。结果：（1）本次调查我市三区共1853例成年女性，年龄19～66岁，平均年龄（46.8±6.8）岁；初潮年龄8～17岁，平均（12.9±1.59）岁；产次1～4次，平均（1.39±0.78）次；人工流产0～5次，平均（2.31±1.06）次。（2）1032例育龄期女性的避孕方式分别为：工具106例，占10.3%；宫内节育器494例，占47.9%；绝育术189例，占18.3%；避孕药163例，占15.8%；安全期47例，占4.6%；未避孕33例，占3.2%。（3）外阴疾病、阴道炎、宫颈炎、盆腔炎及子宫肌瘤的检出率分别为2.6%、7.3%、28.4%、2.1%及21.5%。（4）≤35 岁组和36～45岁组妇女宫颈炎、阴道炎、盆腔炎检出率高于>45岁组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；农民和工人宫颈炎、阴道炎、盆腔炎检出率高于其他职业女性，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；知识分子和行政工作者子宫肌瘤发病率高于其他职业女性，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：铜陵市成年女性生殖道感染率和子宫肌瘤发病率较高；育龄期女性采用避孕方式主要为宫内节育器、绝育术及避孕药；应针对不同年龄和职业群体采用有针对性地采取干预措施。

【关键词】铜陵市；成年女性；生殖健康状况

Reproductive health status of adult female in TonglingYUAN Xiangjing， SU Jiao， CHENG Yuanzhen. Department of Women Health Care， Tongling Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital， Tongling 244000， Anhui， China

【Abstract】Objectives： To investigate the morbidity of gynecological diseases in our city. Methods： 1853 adult female volunteered for the study from Tongguanshan district， Shizishan district and outskirts in Tongling City were selected as research objects by cluster sampling. The general information of research objects were investigated by self-designed questionnaire. The research objects were checked by routine gynecological check-up， leucorrhea routine examination， TCT and B ultrasound examination of pelvic cavity. Results： ⑴ 1853 case of adult female in three districts of our city were investigated in this research. The ages were between 19-66， an average age of 46.8±6.8. The ages of menophania were 8-17， an average age of 12.9±1.59. The time parity were 1-4， an average time of 1.39±0.78. The time of induced abortion were 0-5， an average time of 2.31±1.06. ⑵ The contraception methods of 1032 case of bearing-age women respectively were as follow： contraceptive device （106 cases， 10.3%）， intrauterine device （494 cases， 47.9%）， sterilization （189 cases， 18.3%）， contraceptive （163 cases， 15.8%）， safe period （47 cases， 4.6%） and no contraception （33 cases， 3.2%）. ⑶ The detection rate of vulvar diseases， colpitis， cervicitis， pelvic infection and fibroid was 2.6%， 7.3%， 28.4%， 2.1% and 21.5% respectively. ⑷ The detection rate of cervicitis， colpitis， pelvic infection in age under 35 years old group and age between 36 to 45 years old group were higher than older than 45 years old group， with statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. The morbidities of cervicitis， colpitis， pelvic infection in peasant and worker were higher than other professional women， with statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. The detection rate of fibroid in intellectual and administrators were higher than other professional women， with statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. Conclusion： The morbidities of reproductive tract infections and fibroid in adult female are higher. The contraception methods of bearing-age women mainly include intrauterine device， sterilization and contraceptive， so specific intervening measures should be used for female of different ages and careers.endprint

【Key words】Tongling； Adult female； Reproductive health status

【中图分类号】R169.42【文献标志码】A

生殖健康（reproductive health）1994年被正式列为世界卫生组织《行动纲要》，1995年WHO再次强调生殖健康的重要性，并提出“2015年人人享有生殖健康”的奋斗目标，并被列入联合国“新千年发展计划”。但由于经济发展不平衡以及医疗资源配置不公平，导致生殖健康公平性问题日益显著。女性的生殖健康直接关系到家庭幸福和人口素质。然而由于生理与社会的原因，女性在生殖健康方面面临的健康挑战较男性更大、更严峻。据调查统计，80%的成年女性一生中要患上1～2次妇科炎症，其中阴道炎、宫颈炎等都是常见、多发的妇科疾病。而子宫肌瘤亦是女性生殖器的多发性良性肿瘤，30～50岁发病率较高，在性成熟期高达20%～40%，并且近年来有增高的趋势[1]。为……