高科技的运用对排球比赛裁判员裁判方法的影响
2016-11-07刘江魏琳洁
刘江 魏琳洁
摘 要:通过对2012年排球世俱杯,2013、2014、2015年世界男排联赛,2014年世界锦标赛,2015年世界杯的现场统计和亲身执裁经历,研究排球比赛中高科技的运用对裁判员裁判方法的影响。结果表明:高科技的运用改变了国际排联的管理思路与风格,促进了裁判组织结构的调整与变化,同时改变了裁判员的评价考核制度,使裁判员执裁水平的高低由单一的裁判长考核制度向全方位考核转变。高科技的运用使比赛更加流畅,减少了运动队和裁判员之间的争议纠纷,但对裁判员的裁判方法提出更高要求,同时也更加突出判断准确、团队工作及语言交流的重要性。
关 键 词:训练与竞赛;排球比赛;高科技;裁判员;裁判方法
中图分类号:G842 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2016)05-0136-04
Abstract: By means of field statistics of World Club Cup 2012, World Mens Volleyball League 2013, 2014 and 2015, World Championship 2014 and World Cup 2015, as well as their personal refereeing experience, the authors studied the influence of the application of high technology in volleyball competition on judgment methods used by referees, and revealed the following findings: the application of high technology changed the management thinking and style of the FIVB, promoted the adjusting and changing of the referee organizational structure, and also changed the referee evaluation and examination system, changed referee refereeing performance from the unitary chief referee examination system to comprehensive examination; the application of high technology made competition more fluid, and reduced disputes between sports teams and referees, but put forward high requirements for judgment methods used by referees, and also highlighted the importance of judgment accuracy, team work and language communication.
Key words: training and competition;volleyball competition;high technology;referee;judgment method
随着技战术的不断完善、运动员身体素质的不断提高,现代排球比赛的节奏越来越快,对裁判员的执裁水平提出了更高要求。裁判员是竞赛中不可缺少的要素,是决定竞技比赛成功与否的关键因素之一。国际排联从2012年世俱杯开始引入“鹰眼挑战系统”、“耳机对讲系统”、“电子记录系统”等一系列高科技于裁判员执裁中,协助裁判员判断,使比赛更加公平公正。国际排联的这一举措不仅提高了裁判判罚的准确性,推动排球比赛的科技化进程,同时也为评价裁判员临场执裁水平提出了新的测评标准。由于经费问题,目前高科技运用于排球比赛仅限于高水平国际赛事(排球世界杯、世界锦标赛、世俱杯),但今后必将在各级各类的比赛中进行推广。……
