清末民初的城市公园与现代体育的发展
2016-11-07冯培明
摘 要:以清末民初公园中的现代体育设施和活动为切入点,在厘清公园和现代体育发展脉络的基础上,探讨我国城市早期现代化阶段公园与现代体育发展的关系。研究认为公园和现代体育关系具体体现在公园与体育场的共建模式、与现代城市休闲生活的密切结合、现代城市公共生活促进清末民初社会的共同发展等方面。公园对现代体育发展的影响主要表现有:公园促进现代体育在更广泛市民群体中传播,提供市民体育活动的场所,以及推动市民体育生活方式从传统向现代转型。
关 键 词:体育史;体育生活方式;公园;现代体育;公共空间;清末民初
中图分类号:G812.9 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2016)05-0074-05
Abstract: Starting with describing modern sports facilities and activities in parks in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China periods, on the basis of clarifying parks and modern sports development veins, the author probed into the relationships between parks and modern sports development of cities in China at the early stage of modernization. The author believed that the relationships between parks and modern sports specifically embodied in such aspects as the mode of joint construction of parks and sports venues, their tight combination with modern city leisure life, their mutual promotion in modern city public life, the joint development of society in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China periods, etc. The influence of parks on modern sports development mainly showed in the followings: parks promoted the spreading of modern sports among more extensive groups of citizens, provided venues for citizen sports activities, and boosted the transformation of citizen sports lifestyle from traditional to modern.
Key words: sports history;sports lifestyle;park;modern sports;public space;the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China periods
鸦片战争后,中国传统社会开始逐步瓦解。随着西方势力入侵,通商口岸所在城市被迫转型,最先开始“早期现代化”进程[1]。在此背景下,公园和现代体育于19世纪60年代几乎同时传入我国,并且在清末民初时显现出尤为密切的发展关系。公园对现代体育的传播、体育场馆建设,以及体育竞赛的开展都起到积极作用,本研究在厘清清末民初公园与现代体育相结合史实的基础上,着重分析二者密切连接原因,及公园对现代体育发展的重要作用。
1 清末民初公园建设及公园中现代体育发展概况
1)租界引入期(1860—1890年)。
19世纪60年代,外侨为满足自身休闲、娱乐需求,开始在租界中修建公园。1868年建成并开放的上海外滩花园(今上海黄浦公园)是中国第一个城市公园[2]。……
