反兴奋剂合作与信息分享的立法
2016-11-07敬文
敬文
摘 要:2015年新版《世界反兴奋剂条例》规定,政府有制定反兴奋剂组织和政府之间、反兴奋剂组织之间合作以及分享信息法律的义务,而我国还没有此法律条例。目前,《世界反兴奋剂条例》及国际标准和世界反兴奋剂机构的指导文件提出合作及信息分享法的制定原则和主要内容,有的国家也通过专门反兴奋剂立法、一般性立法和备忘录的形式,规定反兴奋剂工作中的合作与信息分享,但在执行中仍然遇到公共权力机构合作与信息分享的动力不足、执法人员对兴奋剂不熟悉、以数据和隐私保护法作为不分享信息的借口等障碍。建议我国立法时,在信息产权背景下优化信息分享制度、建立反兴奋剂组织人员咨询顾问制度,将反兴奋剂需求作为信息保密的例外。
关 键 词:体育法;信息分享;兴奋剂;世界反兴奋剂条例
中图分类号:G80-05 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2016)05-0062-07
Abstract: The 2015 version of the World Anti-Doping Code stipulates that a government has the obligation to es-tablish laws about the cooperation and information sharing between anti-doping organizations and the government, and between anti-doping organizations, yet there have been no such legal regulations in China. At present, the World Anti-Doping Code, international standards, and the guiding documents of the World Anti-Doping Agency, have set forth cooperation and information sharing law establishment principles and main contents. Some countries have passed the forms of dedicated anti-doping legislation, general legislation and memorandums, and stipulated cooperation and information sharing in anti-doping work, however, during execution, they still encountered obstacles, such as that public authorities had insufficient motives for cooperation and information sharing, that law enforcers were unfamiliar with dopes, and that data and privacy protection laws were used as excuses for not sharing information, and such. The author suggested that during legislation China should, under the background of information property, optimize the information sharing system, establish an anti-doping organization personnel consultant system, and set anti-doping need as an exception of information privacy.
Key words: sports law;information sharing;dope;World Anti-Doping Code
2015年1月1日正式生效实施的新版《世界反兴奋剂条例》(World Anti-Doping Code,WADC)第22.2条规定:“政府应当制备有关反兴奋剂组织和政府之间、反兴奋剂组织之间合作以及分享信息的法律、法规、政策、条例等”,而且22.7条还特别规定这一义务的完成期限为2016年1月1日前。
但目前我国还没有关于反兴奋剂组织和政府之间、反兴奋剂组织之间合作以及分享信息的法律、法规、政策、条例等,即使在为配合WADC实施而制定的《体育运动中兴奋剂管制通则》中,也仅有一条与此有关,即第32条:“与有关单位的合作:反兴奋剂组织在开展调查时,可以寻求检测实验室或其他有关单位的技术支持。……
