张波

摘 要：中国经济快速发展的同时，社会道德出现了明显的滑坡。应对道德滑坡现象，提升公民道德素质，成为了亟待解决的时代课题。道德滑坡的原因不仅有市场经济的冲击，还有道德制度建设的不完善。由于当代中国社会缺乏完善的道德回报与惩罚机制，善良的行为得不到奖励和保护，丑恶的行为得不到应有的惩罚，不利于引导与激励人们的道德行为。从物质和精神两方面建立道德回报机制，建立起对不道德行为的惩罚机制，有利于在全社会形成正确的舆论导向。建设现代道德机制是应对当代中国道德滑坡问题的重要方法。

关键词：道德回报；道德惩罚；福德一致

中图分类号：B824

文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-1101（2016）04-0012-04

Abstract： Along with the rapid economic development in China， the country is now witnessing an obvious moral decline. In response to this phenomenon， to elevate the moral quality of citizens has become an urgent issue to be solved in this age. The moral decline seen in the society now is not only caused by the impact of the market economy， but also by the inadequacy of the construction of the moral institution. Due to the lack of a perfect mechanism of moral reward and punishment in China's society now， ugly behaviors are not duly punished， which is detrimental to guiding and inspiring people to act morally. Therefore， to construct a moral reward mechanism in both the material and spiritual aspects， and to construct a punishing mechanism towards immoral behaviors， are conducive to the formation of a correct orientation of public opinions in the whole society. The construction of a modern moral mechanism is a significant approach in tackling the problem of moral decline in contemporary China.

Key words：moral reward； moral punishment； consistency between blessing and virtue

随着市场经济的发展，中国出现了一定的社会道德滑坡现象。以德治国是当代中国的重要治国方略，加强社会道德建设是全社会关注的话题。看见老人摔倒了扶不扶成为社会讨论的道德话题，道德冷漠成为当代中国的道德难题，可见加强社会道德建设是一项十分紧迫的任务。中国道德理论一直强调道德自律，认为道德行为主要通过内心信念、社会舆论或传统习俗的维系而发挥作用，强调道德行为的个人内在自我约束的特征。其实，道德他律理论在道德素养形成过程中，可以通过规范化的道德制度引导人们的道德行为，可以在一定程度上克服道德自律的软弱无力。本文尝试从道德回报机制角度，对加强当代社会的道德建设问题做一点思考。……