基于二芳基乙烷的新型变压器油的制备和性能评估
2016-11-04周凤张乐涛王璐璐何伟张亚刚吾满
周凤+张乐涛+王璐璐+何伟+张亚刚+吾满江?艾力



摘要:采用非金属矿硅铝固体超强酸作为催化剂,催化邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、乙苯和苯乙烯进行烷基化反应合成二芳基乙烷,其产率分别是PEX1 908%、PEX2 905%、PEX3 788%和PEE 74%,并对二芳基乙烷精产品进行了红外光谱、气相色谱-质谱表征和性能测试。所有精产品的结构与二芳基乙烷的相符合,其各项性能指标均达到国家标准GB/T 2536-2011,与工业白油复配后具有增加工业白油击穿电压、降低倾点、减少黏度等作用,适合做变压器油或变压器油添加剂。
关键词:二芳基乙烷;绝缘油;固体超强酸;烷基化反应;苯乙烯
中图分类号:TE626.3文献标识码:A
Abstract:Phenyl ethylbenzene ethanes were synthesized from p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, ethyl benzene and styrene by using the solid super-acid consisted of non-metallic minerals as catalyst in Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. The yields of phenyl ethylbenzene ethanes were PEX1 90.8%, PEX2 90.5%, PEX3 78.8%, and PEE 74% respectively, and the refined products were characterized by IR and GC-MS spectra. The results show that the structures of refined products are consistent with those of phenyl ethylbenzene ethanes. And their performances can meet the standard of GB/T 2536-2011. After compounding with the prepared phenyl ethylbenzene ethane, industrial white oil shows increased breakdown voltage, decreased pour point and reduced viscosity. The refined phenyl ethylbenzene ethane products can be used as transformer oil or transformer oil additive.
Key words:phenyl ethylbenezene ethane; insulating oil; solid super-acid; alkylation action; styrene
0引言
变压器油[1-2]是非常重要的工业润滑油,主要是基于矿物油制备的,少部分是基于合成植物油制备的。近年来,烷基苯合成油逐步得到重视, 这不仅是因为烷基苯合成油具有优异的低温性能、低倾点和高闪点等特点,而且还有一个显著的优势,即相比于矿物油基润滑油,其氧化后产物不含硫和沉淀物,目前主要的合成油有二芳基乙烷、烷基萘、苯和硅油等。二苯基乙烷是一种无色、无味和低毒的高沸点溶剂,特别是二烷基乙烷中的1-苯基-1-二甲苯基乙烷(PXE1),它具有和矿物油良好的相容性、热稳定性、润滑性和电性能,被广泛用于增塑剂、高沸点溶剂、热介质、电绝缘油和润滑油等领域。
目前已有很多方法制备各种二苯基乙烷,常见的方法是将含有6~9个碳原子的烷基苯在催化剂的作用下和烷基化试剂反应而得到的。……
