于会民+张绮+王会娟+马书杰

摘要：文章对国内电力机车牵引变压器绝缘用油的情况进行简述，对绝缘油的常规性能、绝缘性能、热物性能、产气性能、氧化安定性能等方面进行对比分析。分析结果表明：酯类绝缘油的酸值较高和介质损耗因数较大，随着温度的升高绝缘性能下降很快；矿物绝缘油和硅绝缘油的抗雷电击穿能力强，热稳定性能优异，氧化安定性能优良，气体产出量远远小于酯类绝缘油。与硅绝缘油和酯类绝缘油相比，矿物绝缘油的导热系数较小，比热容较高，硅绝缘油和酯类绝缘油的导热系数和比热容相近。

关键词：电力机车；牵引变压器；绝缘油；绝缘性能；氧化安定性能

中图分类号：TE626.3文献标识码：A

Abstract：In this paper， insulating oils in traction transformers of electric locomotive in China are briefed. The comparative analysis of insulating oils in general performance， insulation performance， thermal performance， tray gassing performance， oxidation stability is carried out. Research results show that， ester insulating oil has larger acid value and higher dielectric loss factor. As the temperature increases， the insulation performance of ester insulating oil drops quickly. Mineral insulating oil and silicone insulating oil have strong anti-lightning breakdown capability， excellent thermal stability performance and oxidation stability. Tray gassing production of mineral insulating oil and silicone insulating oil is much less than those of ester oil. Compared with silicone insulating oil and ester insulating oil， mineral insulating oil has small coefficient of thermal conductivity and higher specific heat. Silicone insulating oil and ester insulating oil have similar coefficient of thermal conductivity and specific heat.

Key words：electric locomotive； traction transformer； insulating oil； insulation performance； oxidation stability

0引言

21 世纪初期我国引进了DJ1 型机车及 ABB 公司的技术， 牵引变压器设计及制造技术得到快速发展[1]。十年前，我国通过引进、消化、吸收和再创新战略已完全掌握了高速列车的牵引变压器制造技术。目前，大功率牵引变压器主要用于“和谐”号客运动车组和“和谐”号大功率货运机车。客运动车组车载牵引变压器为特A级、H级绝缘，主要以硅油和酯类油绝缘油为主，此类产品特点为闪点高、燃点高、倾点低，满足客运动车组的防火（抗燃）和低温运行环境要求[2]。货运大功率机车车载牵引变压器为A级，主要以矿物型绝缘油为主，此类产品特点黏度小，低温流动性好，氧化安定性能优良，满足货运机车车载牵引变压器的散热和低温运行环境和长寿命要求[3]。……