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基于无人机遥感影像和GIS相结合的城市绿地均匀度分析

2016-10-21吴倩谭伟谢刚等

安徽农业科学 2016年4期

吴倩 谭伟 谢刚等

摘要为了全面了解贵州省安顺市建成区城市绿地分布均匀度状况,运用基于无人机遥感影像和GIS相结合的方法,对安顺市城市绿地信息进行提取和相关分析。结果表明:在50 m×50 m、40 m×40 m、30 m×30 m、25 m×25 m、20 m×20 m、15 m×15 m、10 m×10 m、8 m×8 m、5 m×5 m、4 m×4 m和2 m×2 m总共11组数据中,随着格网积减小即格网精度增大,其相应基尼系数增大,即绿地分布更趋于集中;以格网面积作为自变量,基尼系数作为因变量,格网精度与基尼系数之间表现出线性关系;30 m×30 m格网处理分析结果表明,安顺市建成区绿地分布均匀度基尼系数为0.23,其公共绿地分布比较均匀。

关键词无人机航拍影像;绿地分布均匀度;洛伦茨曲线;基尼系数

中图分类号S127文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2016)04-314-05

Analysis of the Homogeneity Degree of City Green Space Distribution Based on Combination of UAV Aerial Image and GIS—A Case Study of Anshun City

WU Qian1,TAN Wei1*, XIE Gang1,2 et al (1. Research Center of Forestry Information&Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025; 2. Institute of Mountain Resources,Guizhou Academy of sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025)

AbstractIn order to fully understand the homogeneity degree of city green space distribution in Anshun, Guizhou Province, based on the combination of UAV remote sensing images and GIS method, the city green space information of Anshun was extracted and analyzed. Results showed that in 50 m×50 m, 40 m×40 m, 30 m×30 m, 25 m× 25 m, 20 m×20 m, 15m×15 m, 10 m×10 m, 8 m×8 m, 5 m×5 m , 4 m× 4 m and 2 m× 2 m of a total of 11 sets of data, with the decrease of grid size, its response gini coefficient increased.The green space distribution tended to be more concentrated; with the grid precision as the independent variable and the Gini coefficient as the dependent variable, there is a linear relationship between grid precision and gini coefficient; 30m×30 m grid processing analysis indicated that gene coefficient of green space distribution in Anshun was 0.23, the public green space distribution was even.

Key wordsUAV aerial image; Green space distribution uniformity; Lorenz curve; Gini coefficient

城市绿地是指用以栽植树木花草,布置配套设施,并由绿色植物所覆盖,且赋以一定功能与用途的场地[1-2]。对于城市绿地监测,传统的人工普查方法和数学统计分析法因其资金和人力投入大、数据处理周期长和缺乏空间统计分析功能,很难及时、全面地得到现状绿地资料,并且效率低、成本高[3]。遥感技术作为一种综合性探测技术具有快速、高效、范围大、动态的特点,利用高分辨率及多光谱遥感影像提取城市绿地信息可以很好地弥补常规方法的缺陷[4-5]。

运用高分辨率影像和遥感技术进行城市绿地资源的调查分析,国内外已有一些学术成果,John Rogan等[6]用遥感技术来监测加州森林生态系统。李立[7]借助RS和GIS方法调查了开封市建成区2003年10月的绿地现状;赵丽丽等[8]利用Landsat ETM+影像探讨了深圳市绿地信息提取的最佳方法;……

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