APP下载

2009年灵璧县气候分析及对农作物生育期影响的评估

2016-10-21许永姿钱平海

安徽农业科学 2016年4期

许永姿 钱平海

摘要采用灵璧县遥测自动站提供的各项气候要素值,通过历史对比、统计分析等方法对2009年灵璧县气温与降水等气象要素的特征、年内发生的极端天气气候事件及气候对农作物生育期的影响进行了综合分析。结果表明,2009年灵璧县年平均气温比历年偏高,全年日照时数偏少2成,全年降水量较常年偏少近3成,时空分布明显不匀,无暴雨灾害;年内出现≤-10 ℃的低温日数1 d,≥35 ℃的高温日数9 d;年内极端天气气候事件包括寒潮、暴雪、雷雨大风、干旱、霜冻。综合来看,2009年气候条件有利于农作物生长,相对于冬小麦属典型丰产年型,夏甘薯属正常年份。

关键词气温;降水;日照时数;极端天气;农作物生育期;影响评估

中图分类号S162文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2016)04-249-02

Climate Analysis and Effects on Crop Growth Period in Lingbi County in 2009

XU Yongzi1, QIAN Pinghai2 (1.Lingbi County Meteorological Bureau of Suzhou City, Lingbi, Anhui 234200;2.Suzhou City Meteorological Bureau of Anhui Province,Suzhou,Anhui 234000)

AbstractBy using the climatic factors provided by remote sensing automatic station of Lingbi County, through historical comparison and statistical analysis method, features of temperature, precipitation, extreme weather events and effects of climate on crop growth period in Lingbi County in 2009 were analyzed.The results showed that the annual average temperature in Lingbi County in 2009 was higher than that of the previous year, the annual sunshine hours were less than 20%, the annual rainfall was nearly 30% less than that of common year, spatial and temporal distribution was obviously uneven; the number of low temperature days ≤-10 ℃ was 1 d, high temperature days ≥35 ℃ were 9 d; extreme climate events included coldair outbreak, blizzard, thunderstorms, drought and frost.Generally, climate conditions of 2009 were conductive to crops growth.As for winter wheat, it was a typical high yield year, while as for summer sweet potato, it was a normal year.

Key wordsTemperature; Precipitation; Sunshine hours; Extreme weather; Crop growth period; Influence assessment

靈璧县位于安徽省北陲、淮北平原的东部(33°18′~34°02′N、117°17′~117°44′E),南北长82 km,东西宽36 km,总面积2 054 km2,耕地面积122 200 hm2,盛产小麦、玉米、花生、棉花等作物。县境上空大气环流具有明显的季风性质,气候受其影响较大,是受气象灾害影响较为严重的地区之一,经常出现的气象灾害有雷雨大风、冰雹、干旱、雷暴、龙卷等[1];灵璧近10年来气象灾害影响较为频繁的年份有2005、2008、2009、2011、2013年,笔者针对2005、2008、2011、2013年灵璧当地气候特点均进行过综合分析和评价[2-5],在此采用灵璧县遥测自动站提供的各项气候要素值,通过历史对比(历年平均取1971~2000年)、统计分析等方法对2009年灵璧县气候及其特点进行概述,并对主要农作物生育期气候条件及极端天气气候事件和灾情影响进行了综合分析和评估,以期为气候变化的研究及防灾减灾措施等提供基本的科学事实和参考依据。……

登录APP查看全文