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前处理与后处理对木材糠醇浸渍中可渗透性的影响

2016-10-21罗朋朋斯泽泽程若愚等

安徽农业科学 2016年4期

罗朋朋 斯泽泽 程若愚等

摘要[目的]探讨不同处理木材低压糠醇浸渍改性的效果。[方法]以橡胶木为研究对象,探讨预汽蒸、预水煮处理以及后静置对糠醇浸渍木材渗透性的影响。[结果]水煮时间越长、温度越高,渗透效果越好,以6 h,75 ℃的水煮处理效果为佳;汽蒸处理也可较好地改善糠醇的渗透效果,尤以4 h、126 ℃的汽蒸效果为佳;后静置工艺可以显著提高糠醇在木材中的渗透性。此外,浸渍面积比与糠醇改性木材增重率有明显的线性关系,增重率越大,浸渍面积比越大。[结论]预汽蒸、预水煮和后静置均能提高糠醇在橡胶木内的渗透性。

关键词糠醇;渗透性;水煮;汽蒸;后静置

中图分类号S781.7文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2016)04-224-03

Effects of Pre and Posttreatments on the Permeability of Furfuryl Alcohol in Rubberwood

LUO Pengpeng, SI Zeze, CHENG Ruoyu, CHEN Taian* et al (College of Materials Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224)

Abstract[Objective] To discuss the permeability of furfuryl alcohol in rubberwood under low pressure in different treatments. [Method] With rubberwood as the research material, we researched the effects of presteaming, preboiling and postplacement treatments on rubberwood immersion in furfuryl alcohol. [Result] Longtime boiling and high temperature led to good infiltration effects,especially the 6 h and 75 ℃ boiling. Steaming treatment could effectively improve the infiltration effects, especially the 4 h and 126 ℃ steaming.Besides, postplacement treatment significantly enhanced the permeability of furfuryl alcohol in rubberwood. At the same time, soaking area had significant linear relationship with weight gain rate of furfuryl alcohol. [Conclusion] Presteaming, preboiling and postplacement treatments all enhance the infiltration effects of furfuryl alcohol in rubberwood.

Key wordsFurfuryl alcohol; Permeability; Water boiling; Steaming; Postplacement

云南是我国橡胶的主要产区之一, 每年约有 2万hm2的橡胶林进行更新[1]。橡胶树属大戟科橡胶树属的一种乔木,其树汁是天然橡胶最主要来源,其木材力学性质较优,常用于家具制造,但因其含糖分多,易变色、腐朽和虫蛀,自然条件下伐倒后极易腐蚀变质,因此加工和利用具有一定的局限性。糠醇(C5H6O2)是一种低分子量化学药剂,有毒,易溶于水和乙醇等有机溶剂,可用玉米棒、甘蔗渣等生物质材料作原料制取[2],属于可再生资源。生命周期评价测试显示,糠醇树脂改性木材在使用及废弃过程中对环境友好,对人畜几乎无毒害作用[3]。国外研究表明,糠醇树脂改性技术可显著增强木材抗生物侵蚀性,提高尺寸稳定性,降低平衡含水率,增加木材表面硬度[4]。……

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