达洛嘉 马家麟 白雪等

摘要[目的]研究藏药铺散亚菊挥发油的主要成分及其抑菌活性。 [方法]采用超临界CO2法萃取铺散亚菊挥发油成分，采用气相色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）结合相对保留指数进行组分分析鉴定，并通过滤纸片扩散法筛选铺散亚菊挥发油对常见13种致病菌的抑菌活性。 [结果]从铺散亚菊超临界CO2萃取物中共分离出127个可识别峰，含量高于0.02%的化学成分为46种，占总萃取物的67.30%。铺散亚菊挥发油对乙型副伤寒沙门菌、产气肠杆菌等11种供试菌表现出抑菌活性。 [结论] GC-MS结合保留指数对铺散亚菊超临界CO2萃取挥发油进行定性分析，使定性结果更为可靠。该研究结果可为铺散亚菊挥发油的抗菌活性研究提供试验依据。

关键词铺散亚菊；超临界CO2 萃取；GC-MS；抑菌活性

中图分类号R284.2文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2016）04-004-04

Study on the Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of the Volatile Oil from Ajania khartensis by Supercritical CO2 Fluid Extraction

DA Luojia，MA Jialin，BAI Xue，LIN Pengcheng* et al （Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis in Qinghai Province，Key Laboratory of Plant Resources of QinghaiTibet Plateau in Chemical Research，College of Pharmacy，Qinghai University for Nationalities，Xining，Qinghai 810007）

Abstract[Objective] To research the chemical components of volatile oil from Ajania khartensis，and to investigate their antimicrobial activities. [Method] The volatile oil from Ajania khartensis was obtained by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction，then combined GCMS analysis with retention index to appraise the chemical components，and screened antimicrobial activities of the volatile to thirteen common bacterial pathogens by filter paper diffusion method. [Result] 127 identifiable peaks were isolated from the volatile oil，among them，46 components′ relative content were higher than 0.02% which accounted for 67.30% of the total extract. The volatile oil from Ajania khartensis showed some antimicrobial activities against Salmonella paratyphy B and Enterobacter aerogenes. [Conclusion] It ensures the qualitative results by using GCMS and retention index to analyze the chemical components of volatile oil from Ajania khartensis.The filter paper diffusion method provides a reliable preparatory screening result for antimicrobial activities of volatile oil from Ajania khartensis.

Key wordsAjania khartensis； Supercritical CO2 fluid extraction； GCMS； Antibacterial activity

鋪散亚菊（Ajania khartensis），为菊科亚菊属多年生铺散草本，分布在印度、俄罗斯以及我国青海、云南、宁夏、西藏、四川、甘肃等地区，生长于海拔2 500～5 300 m的地区，一般生长于向阳山坡[1]，具有浓郁的特征气味。铺散亚菊在藏药典籍《晶珠本草》中记载为蒿阿仲，主要用于治疗肺热症[2]。张兴旺等[3]通过水蒸馏法提取铺散亚菊挥发油并使用GCMS进行分析鉴定，但使用超临界CO2 提取铺散亚菊挥发油及后续抑菌活性的研究则鲜见报道。笔者采用超临界CO2 通用条件对铺散亚菊挥发油进行萃取[4]，获得挥发油使用GCMS分离鉴定，结合相对保留指数进行更准确地定性[5]。致病微生物所引起的肺部感染属于中医肺热证范畴[6]。……