宋春林 吴秋平 韩成卫

摘要[目的]评价4%烟嘧磺隆悬浮剂减量施用在玉米田杂草防治上的可行性。[方法]以郑单958为试验品种，研究1 500 mL/hm2 4%烟嘧磺隆、750 mL/hm2 4%烟嘧磺隆、750 mL/hm2 4%烟嘧磺隆+增效剂A（99%甲酯化大豆油）、750 mL/hm2 4%烟嘧磺隆+增效剂B（Silwet 408）4个除草剂减量施用对玉米田杂草防效及玉米产量的影响。[结果]添加增效剂能明显提高烟嘧磺隆除草剂的防效，较正常剂量或减量50%单施烟嘧磺隆处理药效提高了9.6%～27.0%，且施药后28 d药效降幅也最小，增效剂Silwet 408对玉米的安全性明显优于99%甲酯化大豆油，且防效好，玉米产量较不除草对照提高了16.6%。[结论]试验结果为玉米田杂草治理和化学除草剂减量使用提供了理论依据。

关键词玉米田；除草剂；烟嘧磺隆；杂草；防效

中图分类号S451.22+2文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2016）04-157-02

Effects of Reduction Use of 4% Nicosulfuron on Weeds Control and Yield in Corn Field

SONG Chunlin，WU Qiuping，HAN Chengwei （Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jining Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Corn Industry Technology System，Jining，Shandong 272031）

Abstract[Objective] To evaluate the feasibility of reducing doses of 4% nicosulfuron suspending agent on weed control efficacy of corn.[Method] Using Zhengdan958 as the test material，four dosages treatment were applied including 1 500 mL/hm2 4% nicosulfuron，750 mL/hm2 4% nicosulfuron，750 mL/hm2 4% nicosulfuron+synergist A （99% methylated soybean oil），750 mL/hm2 4% nicosulfuron+ synergist B （Silwet 408） to study effects on weeds control efficacy and yield in corn field.[Result] Results showed that spraying synergist A or B increased the weed control efficacy by 9.6%-27.0% compared to the recommended and the 50% reduced doses，and the percentage of decline of herbicidal efficacy were lower at 28d after herbicide treatment.However，synergist B was better than synergist A at not only the weed control effect，but did not produced damage to corn，and the yield of corn was 16.6% higher compared to the uncontrolled weed treatment.[Conclusion] The study can provide theoretical basis for weeds control in corn field and reduction use of herbicides.

Key wordsCorn field； Herbicides； Nicosulfuron； Weeds； Control effect

玉米是我國第三大粮食作物，分布地区广，种植面积大，东北和华北地区是主要种植区域。玉米田主要杂草有马齿苋、反枝苋、藜、马唐、铁苋菜、狗尾草、苘麻、天旋花、稗草、龙葵、异性莎草等[1]，还有上茬作物的遗留籽粒如麦苗等。随着农业科技的进步与普及，化学除草作为最有效控制农田杂草的技术手段已得到广泛使用[2]。

烟嘧磺隆是具有活性高、选择性和内吸性强、可混性强的磺酰脲类茎叶除草剂，广泛用于防除玉米田1年生和部分多年生杂草[3-5]。与此同时，长期持续使用化学除草剂对环境、作物、杂草等的不利影响日益突出[6-8]。因此，如何安全、经济、高效、持续地发挥除草剂的作用成为人们重要的研究方向[9]。除草剂中添加增效剂可以提高杂草防效、降低除草剂用量、延缓杂草抗药性产生、减少对环境的污染和提高经济效益等[10-11]，但同时会对玉米生长产生不同程度的药害。……