赵玉明 王春德 刘博

摘要[目的]验证青蛤不同群体间的遗传差异在养殖生长上的表现。[方法]比较了青蛤不同地理群体的浮游幼虫和幼贝在不同温度下的生长和存活率。[结果]在低温20 ℃下，丹东群体浮游幼虫的生长率为（6.87±0.51）μm/d，显著高于东兴群体和潍坊群体，但第6天存活率（75.62%）与东兴群体和潍坊群体（分别为57.43%和59.39%）差异不显著；丹东群体幼贝的生长率为（57.31±5.34）μm/d，也显著高于东兴群体和潍坊群体；丹东群体幼贝的存活率（63.62%）则与东兴群体（56.46%）和潍坊群体（61.76%）差异不显著。在高温30 ℃下，丹东群体浮游幼虫的生长率为（4.23±0.68）μm/d，显著低于东兴群体和潍坊群体；丹东群体浮游幼虫的存活率（13.47%）也显著低于东兴群体（44.28%）与潍坊群体（32.65%），但东兴群体与潍坊群体浮游幼虫的存活率差异不显著。东兴群体幼贝的生长率（71.65 μm/d）和60 d存活率（38.64%）均显著高于丹东群体和潍坊群体。[结论]该试验结果有助于对青蛤种质资源进行更好地利用和选育。

关键词青蛤；幼虫；幼贝；适温性

中图分类号S985.3文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2016）04-151-03

Comparative Studies on Temperature Adaptation of Different Geographical Populations of Cyclina sinensis

ZHAO Yuming，WANG Chunde，LIU Bo（College of Marine Science and Engineering，Qingdao Agricultural University，Qingdao，Shandong 266109）

Abstract[Objective] The aim was to verify genetic differences of different geographical populations of Cyclina sinensis in growth performance.[Method] The growth and survival rate of planktonic larvae and shellfish of different geographical populations of Cyclina sinensis under different temperature were compared.[Result] The results showed that growth rate of larvae from Dandong population （6.87±0.51）μm/d was significantly higher than that from Dongxing and Weifang populations at 20 ℃，which became insignificant after 6 days.Growth rate of juveniles from Dandong population （57.31±5.34）μm/d was also significantly higher than that from Dongxing population and Weifang population.But no difference was detected in survive rate of juveniles among the three populations.Conversely，at a high temperature of 30 ℃，both growth rate and survival rate of planktonic larvae from Dandong population were significantly lower than that from Dongxing population and Weifang population while no significant difference existed in survival rate between Dongxing population and Weifang population.Both growth rate and survive rate of juveniles after 60 days from Dongxing population （71.65 μm/d） and （38.64%） were significantly higher than that from Dandong population and Weifang population.[Conclusion] The results are helpful to the breeding and utilization of germplasm resources of Cyclina sinensis.

Key wordsCyclina sinensis； Larvae； Juveniles； Temperature fitness

主要分布于朝鮮、日本、琉球群岛和东南亚一带以及我国南北沿海，大多生活在近高潮和中潮区的泥砂滩中，并多在有淡水流入的河口附近，为黄渤海沿岸常见种[1-3]。青蛤味道鲜美，营养丰富，具有广阔的增养殖前景。迄今为止，利用人工培育的苗种从事养殖工作也已开展多年[4]。此外，从资源保护和品种选育角度考虑，国内对其种群遗传现状[5-11]、家系选育[12-15]和部分生长相关基因的研究也已陆续展开[16-20]。以前的研究已经揭示了青蛤南北群体间出现了显著的遗传分化[5，7，9]。……