范建华 戴有理 俞燕等

摘要[目的]了解我国地方鸡种禽白血病的自然感染状态，为今后该病的净化提供依据。[方法]采用ELISA法和病毒分离方法，对国内10个地方鸡种开展了ALVAB和ALVJ主要外源性禽白血病流行病学调查，并进一步对其中4个品系的F2代鸡群进行ALV跟踪监测，同时对饲养过程中使用的弱毒活疫苗也进行了ALV抽样检测。[结果]ALVP27抗原阳性率为0～62.1%，ALVAB抗体阳性率为0～25.0%，ALVJ抗体阳性率为0～59.0%，病毒分离阳性率为0～22.0%。4个品系的F2代鸡群1日龄胎粪ALVP27抗原阳性率为6.0%～67.0%，6周龄病毒分离检测阳性率为2.0%～34.3%；国内有1个厂家2个种类2个批次的疫苗分离有ALV。[结论]我国地方鸡种普遍存在ALV感染，不同地方鸡种间差异较大，可能与不同地方鸡种对ALV的遗传抗性有关；某些品系种群的F2代雏鸡ALV阳性率甚至略有提高，可能与疫苗接种污染有关。

关键词地方鸡种；禽白血病；流行病学调查

中图分类号S851.34+7.2文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2016）04-133-03

Epidemiological Investigation of Avian Leukemia in Some Indigenous Chicken

FAN Jianhua1，DAI Youli1*，YU Yan1， XU Bu1* et al（1. Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science， Yangzhou， Jiangsu 225125）

Abstract[Objective] To find the nature infection status of avian leukemia in some indigenous chicken. [Method] By using the method of ELISA method and virus isolation method， we investigated the ALVAB and ALVJ avian leukemia of ten indigenous chicken. ALV monitoring was carried out by the second generation of chickens in four lines. ALV sampling inspection was adopted for the modifiedlive vaccine in raising process. [Result]The ALVP27 antigen positive rate was 0-62.1%； ALVAB antibody positive rate was 0-25.0%； ALVJ antibody positive rate was 0-59.0%； positive rate of virus separation was 0-22.0%. ALVP27 antigen positive rate from the offsprings of four lines was 6.0%-67.0%. Positive rate of virus isolation test was 2.0%-34.3% at the age of sixweek old. Two kinds of vaccines from two batches produced by a manufacturer were polluted by ALV. [Conclusion] Most indigenous chicken are infected by ALV. There are great differences among the different breeds of indigenous chicken， which might be related to the ALV genetic resistance of different indigenous chicken. ALV positive rate of F2 chicks have enhanced slightly in some populations， which might be related to the vaccination pollution.

Key wordsIndigenous chicken； Avian leucosis virus （ALV）； Epidemiological investigation

禽白血病是由禽白血病病毒（Avian leucosis virus，ALV）引起的一種垂直传播性疾病[1-2]。ALV属于单股RNA反转录病毒，目前已发现能自然感染鸡群的ALV只有A～E、J 6个亚群，其中除E亚型为内源性病毒以外，其他均为外源性病毒。外源性ALV均具有较强的致病性，特别是AB和J亚型ALV流行最普遍，危害性也最大[2]。禽白血病的危害主要表现为感染鸡群出现肿瘤疾病及其所导致的慢性消耗性死亡、生产性能下降和免疫抑制等，严重时还影响鸡蛋（胚）源细胞的利用，威胁着民生和社会安定[3]。该病在我国养鸡场的发生与发展，起初进口白羽肉鸡被感染，后来又迅速传播至黄羽肉鸡和进口蛋鸡，近期陆续有地方鸡种患病的报道[4]。……