徐志辉

摘要[目的]综合评价辽宁省湿地生态状况，揭示辽宁省湿地生态现状及分布趋势。[方法]以56个重点调查湿地为样本，采用层次分析方法和德尔菲法计算各个湿地的综合得分，根据综合得分采用统计学自然断点法，评价调查湿地的生态状况。[结果]辽宁省重点调查湿地综合得分为5.505分。根据调查结果，湿地生态状况评价为好的有8个，评价为中的有33个，评价为差的有15个。其中，生态状况评价为好的湿地面积5 515.39 hm2，为中等的占392 887.20 hm2，为差的占255 617.46 hm2。从地貌单元和地理区分评价，西部山地丘陵区评价为差的面积最大，达103 147.20 hm2，东部山地丘陵区和中部平原区总体状况处于中等水平，面积分别为241 556.80、141 689.20 hm2，沿海地区评价主要为差，占229 420.80 hm2，而内陆地区主要为中等，占281 948.70 hm2。[结论]辽宁省湿地生态状况总体处于中等水平，内陆湿地生态状况要好于沿海湿地生态状况，东部山地丘陵区>中部平原区>西部山地丘陵区。

关键词湿地生态状况评价；层次分析法和德尔菲法；自然断点法

中图分类号S181文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2016）04-094-02

Evaluation of Wetland Ecological Resources in Liaoning Province

XU Zhihui （Liaoning Forestry Survey and Planning Institute， Shenyang， Liaoning 110122）

Abstract[Objective]The aim was to comprehensively evaluate wetland ecological status in Liaoning Province， reveal the status and distribution tendency. [Method] With 56 investigated wetlands as samples， using AHP and Delphi method， the comprehensive score of each wetland was obtained. According to comprehensive scores， adopting natural breakpoints method， the ecological status of wetlands was evaluated. [Result] The comprehensive score of wetland in Liaoning Province was 5.505. According to the survey， ecological status of 8 wetlands（area of 5 515.39 hm2） were evaluated as good， 33 wetlands （area of 392 887.20 hm2） as medium， 15 wetlands（area of 255 617.46 hm2） as poor. Evaluating from the landform unit and geographical distinction， ecological status of hilly area in western Liaoning had the largest poor area（103 147.20 hm2）， general status of eastern Liaoning hilly region and central Liaoning plain area were in middle level（area of 241 556.80， 141 689.20 hm2 respectively）； ecological status of coastal area was evaluated as poor（area of 229 420.80 hm2）， that of inland region was evaluated as medium（area of 281 948.70 hm2）. [Conclusion] The ecological status of wetlands in Liaoning Province are in middle level， inland wetland ecological situation is better than that of coastal wetlands， eastern hilly region> central plain area>western hilly area.

Key wordsWetland ecological status assessment； AHP and Delphi method； Natural breakpoints method

近年來，全世界湿地资源正遭受严重破坏，湿地面积逐年减少，湿地生态状况日益恶化，引发了一系列环境问题，使人们逐渐认识到保护湿地的重要性。湿地生态状况直接反映湿地生态系统的健康水平[1]，也是评价湿地生态功能正常发挥和满足人类需要的重要依据。湿地生态状况评价不仅能够了解该区域的湿地生态现状，还能为湿地保护提供有力的数据支撑。目前，我国对……