麦棉套作模式氮磷钾肥料用量对小麦产量性状的影响
2016-10-21王树林祁虹王燕等
王树林 祁虹 王燕等



摘要[目的]研究河北省南部高肥力地块在麦棉套作模式下的小麦氮磷钾肥料需求量,为合理施肥提供理论依据。[方法]采用大田随机区组试验,针对氮、磷、钾3种肥料分别设置了0,75,150,225,300 kg/hm2 5个用量梯度,调查小麦分蘖、成穗数、产量及产量构成因素。[结果]氮肥对小麦具有显著的增产作用,单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒重及产量随施氮量增加而增加,磷肥具有一定的增产效果,钾肥无增产效果。[结论]在河北省南部高肥力地块,麦棉套作小麦适宜肥料用量为氮肥225~300 kg/hm2,磷肥 150 kg/hm2,免施钾肥。
关键词麦棉套作;氮磷钾;小麦;产量
中图分类号S344.3文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2016)04-045-02
Effects of N, P and K Amount on Yield Trait of Wheat in WheatCotton Intercropping System
WANG Shulin, QI Hong, WANG Yan et al(Cotton Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051)
Abstract[Objective] To research the N, P and K amount of wheat in wheatcotton intercropping system in high fertility field of Hebei Province. [Method] The field randomized block experiment was adopted. Five treatments(0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg/hm2) were designed for N, P and K. Wheat tillering, ear number, yield and yield component were investigated. [Result] Wheat yield was increased significantly by using N fertilizer. The panicle per unit area, grains per ear, thousandgrain weight and yield were improved as the nitrogen enhanced. P fertilizer enhanced the wheat yield at certain degree, but P had no effects on wheat yield. [Conclusion] The optimum fertilizer for wheatcotton intercropping system is 225-300 kg/hm2 N and 150 kg/hm2 P2O5; and K should not be applied.
Key wordsWheatcotton Intercropping System; N, P, K; Wheat; Yield
我國麦棉两熟种植首先出现在20世纪50年代的长江流域棉区,为冬小麦(元麦)‖棉花直播模式[1]。20世纪60年代,以麦棉套种为主的麦棉两熟种植首先出现在豫东南和淮河北部,并逐步向北扩展,1976年北方6省市麦棉两熟约占棉田总面积的15%[2]。随着棉花早熟品种和地膜覆盖技术的推广,麦棉两熟种植模式在20世纪80年代中期进入快速发展期,仅河南(含南襄盆地)、山东两省的种植面积就达123.3×104 hm2,占全国麦棉两熟种植总面积的57.2%[3]。随着技术进一步成熟和品种更新,90年代后,麦棉两熟种植成为黄河流域主要种植模式[4]。然而随着小麦联合收割机的应用,麦棉套作种植模式因不适应机械收获小麦而导致面积迅速萎缩。随着国家对粮食安全问题的日益重视[5-6]以及粮棉争地矛盾的日益尖锐[7],麦棉套作种植模式被重新提及,在解决了小麦联合收割机应用问题后,麦棉套作模式推广前景广阔。……
