妇科因素所致慢性盆腔痛的研究进展
2016-10-19王玉郑萍
王玉 郑萍
[摘要] 慢性盆腔痛(CPP)是指由各种原因导致的骨盆及其周围组织疼痛,持续时间>6个月,疼痛可位于脐以下的任何脏器,严重影响患者的生活质量。CPP病因复杂,可涉及多个系统。在CPP的诸多病因中,妇科因素广受关注。本文对妇科因素导致的CPP的发病机制及治疗的新进展进行综述,对临床对CPP的诊断及治疗起到一定的指导作用。
[关键词] 盆腔疼痛;慢性;发病机制;诊断;治疗;盆底康复
[中图分类号] R711.33 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)02(b)-0036-05
Research progress of chronic pelvic pain induced by gynecological fators
WANG Yu ZHENG Ping
Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 110026, China
[Abstract] Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is defined by a variety of causes of pelvic pain and surrounding tissue, lasting longer than six months, the pain can be located in any organ below the umbilicus. Quality of life of patients is affected seriously. Etiological factors are complex, and are involved in multiple systems. Gynecological fators have been widely concerned among many etiological factors. The new progress of mechanism and treatment of gynecological factors leading to CPP were reviewed in this paper, it will play a guiding role to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CPP play.
[Key words] Pelvic pain; Chronic; Pathogenesis; Diagnosis; Treatment; Pelvic floor rehabilitation
慢性盆腔痛(chronic pelvic pain,CPP)是指由各种功能性和/或器质性原因引起持续>6 个月的非周期性疼痛,疼痛位于盆腔、脐或脐以下的前腹壁、腰骶部或臀部,疼痛强度常导致功能障碍,需要药物或手术治疗,严重影响患者的生活质量[1]。广义的盆腔疼痛是指脐水平以下的任何脏器功能障碍引起的疼痛[2]。不同文献报道的CPP发病率不同,波动在5.7%~26.6%不等[3]。CPP原因复杂,可涉及多个系统,包括泌尿、生殖、消化、肌肉骨骼系统和心理疾患。在CPP的诸多病因中,妇科因素广受关注。很多妇科疾病,如子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)、盆腔炎性疾病(pelvic inflammatory disease,PID)、盆腔黏连,盆腔淤血综合征、子宫腺肌病、子宫肌瘤等均可导致CPP的发生[4]。CPP的病因及治疗一直是大家关注的热点,本文对妇科因素导致的CPP的发病机制及治疗的新进展进行综述。
1 CPP的发病机制
1.1 子宫内膜异位症(EMs)
EMs多见于生育年龄女性,发病率为10%~15%,临床表现呈多样,CPP是EMs的一种常见症状,目前EMs与CPP的相关性还不明确,在一项前瞻性研究中发现,虽然目前关于EMs与CPP之间关系的报道不一致,但在引起CPP的妇科因素中,EMs仍位居第一位[5-6]。……p>
