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小型马铃薯收获机的设计

2016-10-19王法明孙传祝王相友李学强卢延芳苏国粱

湖北农业科学 2016年5期

王法明 孙传祝 王相友 李学强 卢延芳 苏国粱

摘要:针对目前市场上小型马铃薯收获机存在的收获幅宽、挖掘角度无法调整,薯土分离效果欠佳,极易产生杂草拥堵现象等问题,设计了一款小型马铃薯收获机。该收获机设有收获幅宽和挖掘角度调节装置,以满足不同地区、不同种植模式的收获要求;设有被动式抖动轮,抖动幅度可调,以保证较佳的薯土分离效果;设有防缠绕装置,可以使杂草、薯秧更容易运动到升运链上,避免产生拥堵现象。本设计为马铃薯种植户提供了一款适合配套中小型农用拖拉机、挖掘倾角和收获幅宽可调的马铃薯收获机,为马铃薯产业的发展奠定了良好基础。

关键词:马铃薯;收获机;小型;抖动轮;防缠绕装置

中图分类号:S225.7+1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2016)05-1287-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.051

Design on the Small Potato Harvester

WANG Fa-ming1a,2,SUN Chuan-zhu1a,2,WANG Xiang-you1b,2,LI Xue-qiang2,3,LU Yan-fang1a,2,SU Guo-liang2,3

(1.a. School of Mechanical Engineering; b. Office of Graduate Students,Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255091,Shandong,China;

2.Shandong Provincial Intelligent Engineering and Technology Research Center for Potato Production Equipment,Dezhou 253600,Shandong,China;

3.Shangdong Xicheng Agricultural Machinery Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Dezhou 253600,Shandong,China)

Abstract:Aiming to solve the problems existing in the small photo harvester, such as harvest width and digging angle difficult to be adjusted, bad potato soil separation, and the phenomena of weed congestion, a type of small potato harvester was designed. In the design, the harvesting width and digging angle could be adjusted to meet the the actual harvest conditions by adjusting harvest width and digging angle adjustment device; the shake amplitude adjustment device could adjust the shake amplitude of the passive shake round to get a better effect of potato soil separation; the anti-winding device could make the weeds, potato seedlings to move to the transport chain, so as to forbid the phenomena of congestion. The small photo harvester matching with the small and medium sized agricultural tractors, and with adjustable digging angle and the harvest was provided for the potato farmers, which laid a good foundation for the development of potato industry.

Key words:potato; harvester; small size; shake round; anti-winding device

馬铃薯种植广泛,营养丰富,素有“地下苹果”、“饮食新贵”和“十大热门营养健康食品”之称,是继玉米、小麦和水稻之后的世界第4大粮食作物[1-3]。中国是世界马铃薯种植面积最大的国家之一[4],且国内力推马铃薯主粮化,用其加工成馒头、面条、米粉等主食,种植面积逐步扩大。但是,中国马铃薯生产机械化水平较低,国际竞争力较差[5],远远满足不了市场需求。

目前,中国马铃薯收获机械化存在的主要问题是机型与动力的配套不够合理、收获幅宽单一、杂草或薯秧易拥堵、薯土分离效果差等。另外,收获环节中伤薯率最高可达30%[6],对于大中型机而言,抖动输运部件伤薯现象频繁发生[7,8],而小型升运链式马铃薯收获机由该部件所引发的伤薯现象则不太严重。……

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