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碳化谷壳和苔藓在烟草漂浮育苗基质中的应用

2016-10-19莫静静夏志林陈晓明刘明宏冯娅彭玉龙丁飞蒋卫

湖北农业科学 2016年5期

莫静静 夏志林 陈晓明 刘明宏 冯娅 彭玉龙 丁飞 蒋卫

摘要:为筛选部分替代草炭的材料,减少烤烟漂浮育苗草炭的使用,以烤煙品种K326为材料,以商用基质为对照,分别研究了碳化谷壳和苔藓与珍珠岩、蛭石和草炭不同配比的基质对烟草幼苗农艺性状、光合作用和根系活力的影响。结果表明,加入碳化谷壳和苔藓的基质出苗率和整齐度均强于对照,农艺性状和净光合速率均弱于对照,但C2处理(30%珍珠岩+5%蛭石+30%苔藓+35%草炭)和C1(30%珍珠岩+5%蛭石+10%苔藓+55%草炭)与对照无显著差异,A3处理(30%珍珠岩+5%蛭石+50%碳化谷壳+15%草炭)和C3处理(30%珍珠岩+5%蛭石+50%苔藓+15%草炭)的根系活力和根系形态均强于对照。整体上苔藓替代草炭的潜力更大,但碳化谷壳对烟苗根系的发育更好,替代草炭的潜力较大。

关键词:烤烟;基质;漂浮育苗;碳化谷壳;苔藓

中图分类号:S572 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2016)05-1217-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.032

Application of Carbonized Rice Husk and Moss to Tobacco Float Seedling Production

MO Jing-jinga,XIA Zhi-lina,CHEN Xiao-minga,LIU Ming-honga,FENG YAb,PENG Yu-longa,DING Feib,JIANG Weib

(a.Zunyi Tobacco Company;b.Zunyi Country Branch of Zunyi Tobacco Company, Guizhou Province Tobacco Companies,

Zunyi 563100, Guizhou,China)

Abstract: In order to screen alternative material for peat in floating seedling of flue-cured tobacco, partially. Use the variety K326 to test agronomic traits,photosynthesis,root activity and other aspects of tobacco seedlings for medium mixed carbonized rice husk,moss,perlite,vermiculite and peat in different proportions. The results indicated that:the medium mixed carbonized rice husk and moss were stronger than the commercial medium in germination rate and uniformity,weaker in agronomic traits and photosynthesis rate,but C2(30% perlite+5% vermiculite+30% moss+35% peat) and C1(30% perlite+5% vermiculite+10% moss+55% peat) with no significant difference compared the commercial medium. A3(30% perlite+5% vermiculite+50% carbonized rice husk+15% peat) and C3(30% perlite+5% vermiculite+50% moss+15% peat) were stronger than the control in root activity and morphology. Overall, the potential of moss to substitute peat was greater then carbonized rice husk, but carbonized rice husk was better for development of the tobacco seedlings toot, theres great potential substitute peat.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco; medium; floating seedling; carbonized rice husk; moss

烟草生产的首要环节便是育苗,漂浮育苗技术具有独特的优点,是目前烤烟生产的主要育苗方式[1]。草炭因其良好的物理和化学性质,成为现在商品烟草专用漂浮育苗基质中的主要材料[2]。在烟草漂浮育苗专用基质中草炭所占的比例较大[3],而草炭属于不可再生资源,其开采过程也易对生态环境造成破坏,因此草炭资源的采挖受到了相关限制[4,5]。研究者对谷壳、秸秆、腐殖土、苔藓等材料进行试验,试图找到合适的草炭替代基质[5-7]。本试验以碳化谷壳和苔藓为材料,对烟苗的农艺性状、光合作用和根系活力等方面进行研究,以期找到能够部分替代草炭的材料,为解决草炭资源枯竭和降低育苗成本提供理论依据。……

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