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限根栽培对番茄生长和品质的影响

2016-10-19王敏李建设高艳明

湖北农业科学 2016年5期
关键词:生长影响

王敏 李建设 高艳明

摘要:以番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)粉果E756为试验材料,采用不同栽培体积及基质,研究限根栽培对粉果E756生长和品质的影响。结果表明,随着限根体积的减小,粉果E756株高、茎粗及叶面积差异明显,处理组的株高、茎粗明显低于对照组,同时,粉果E756植株的光合能力下降,产量降低,但番茄果实的品质有所改善,与对照相比,栽培体积为0.3 m×0.3 m×36 m的种植方式,总糖含量高1.27个百分点,VC含量高4.72 mg/kg,可溶性固形物含量高0.63个百分点。

关键词:番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum);限根栽培;生长;果实品质

中图分类号:S641.2;S359.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2016)05-1199-05

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.028

Effects of Root Restriction Cultivation on the Growth and Quality of Tomato

WANG Min, LI Jian-she, GAO Yan-ming

(Agricultural School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)

Abstract: Taking the tomato named “Fenguo E756” as test materials, the effects of root restriction cultivation on the growth and quality of tomato were studied. The results showed that, there was obvious difference among the plant height, stem diameter,leaf area with the decrease of restricted root volume, compared with the contrast, the plant height and stem diameter of the treatment group was obviously lower, meanwhile, the photosynthetic ability of tomato reduced, and the yield also reduced,but the quality improved, under the cultivation volume of 0.3 m×0.3 m×36 m,the total sugar content was 1.27 percent point higher, in addition, the vitamin C content was 4.72 mg/kg higher,and soluble solids was 0.63 percent point higher.

Key words: tomato; root restriction; growth; fruit quality

番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)原产于中美洲和南美洲,在世界各地广泛种植,在中国,番茄是北方地区温室栽培的主要蔬菜作物之一。番茄果实色泽鲜艳,含有丰富的维生素、碳水化合物、矿物质、有机酸及少量蛋白质,柔嫩多汁,但生长发育对水分要求较高[1];番茄中的维生素和矿质元素对心血管有保护作用,番茄红素则具有较强的抗氧化能力,能有效降低肺癌、直肠癌等多种癌症的发病機率[2]。近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,番茄的品质越来越受到关注,亟需提高番茄的品质。

限根栽培是一种直接控制植株根系生长发育的栽培技术,通过调节根系的生长来调控整个植株的生长发育,从而实现高产高效[3]。研究表明,葡萄等多种果树限制根域对促进开花、提早结果和提高品质等方面有良好的效果[4]。同时,把植株的根系控制在较小的范围内,还可提高水肥利用率。为此,以番茄粉果E756为试验材料,研究限根栽培对粉果E756生长和品质的影响,以期为限根技术在番茄生产上的应用提供一定的依据。……

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