郭秀明 周国民

摘要：无线传感器网络（WSN）应用于苹果园中能提高苹果生产的信息化水平，但WSN温湿度传感器部署的数量及位置是WSN节点部署中亟需解决的问题。基于此，在北京市丰台区一个普通苹果园进行了实地试验，采用温湿度仪测量了大量点的温湿度，研究空气温湿度的空间分布特征以决定传感器部署策略。结果表明，对于单个冠层，空气温湿度在每个平面具有相同的走势；距离果园边缘的果树冠层空气温湿度的极差大于果园中心位置的果树，相差约3倍；果树间隙的空气温湿度极差和果园中心处的冠层极差相近。基于此，提出了一种“先平面后整体，外密里疏”的苹果园中空气温湿度传感器的部署方法。

关键词：无线传感器网络（WSN）；空气温湿度；苹果园；节点部署

中图分类号：S661.1；S162.5+5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）05-1189-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.026

Studies on Distribution Characteristics of Air Temperature

and Humidity in an Apple Orchard

GUO Xiu-ming， ZHOU Guo-min

（Agricultural Information Institute， China Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China）

Abstract： Wireless sensor networks（WSN） application in apple orchards can improve the informationization level of the apple industry， however the deployment number and position of WSN temperature and humidity sensor is a problem to be solved urgently. To solve the problems， the field experiments were performed in a common apple orchard in Fengtai district of Beijing city， and the air temperature and humidity at a large number of positions was measured to research the distribution characteristics of air temperature and humidity in an apple orchard， so as to determine the deployment stradegy of the sensor. The results showed that， air temperature and humidity had the same variation tendency in different horizontal levels for an individual canopy. The range in the canopy at the edge was much more than that at the center， with a differential approximately 3 times. The range in the trees clearance was similar with that in the canopy at the center. According to the results， a “plane first then the whole， and dense on the edge and sparse in the center” deployment method was proposed.

Key words： wireless sensor networks（WSN）； air temperature and humidity； apple orchard； sensor deployment

無线传感器网络（WSN）可通过分布式的众多传感器实现对客体环境的感知，远程实时地实现物和人的连接，是继互联网之后的革命性的新技术。WSN具有低功耗，自组网，灵活性强等优势，受到众多研究者的青睐，已经越来越多地应用于农田生产环境监测中[1-5]。中国是苹果生产大国，然而，中国苹果产业存在技术落后、信息化水平低、管理粗放、防病虫害能力差等问题[6-8]。空气温湿度是苹果园中重要的环境参数之一，和苹果病虫害[9]及苹果的品质[10]密切相关，将WSN应用于苹果园中采集温湿度参数，可提高苹果的产量及品质。然而，在搭建WSN系统平台时，节点部署是WSN应用中重要的一步，决定WSN的效率和性能，温湿度传感器部署的数量及位置是WSN节点部署中亟需解决的问题。……