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无定形TiO2纳米颗粒的制备及紫外光降解废水中的铬(Ⅵ)

2016-10-19姚文华秦云姜丽

湖北农业科学 2016年5期

姚文华 秦云 姜丽

摘要:以重铬酸钾溶液为模拟废水,无定形TiO2纳米颗粒为催化剂,用500 W高压汞灯作为光源照射样品,探讨光照时间、溶液pH、催化剂用量对铬(Ⅵ)离子去除率的影响。结果表明,在光照时间为3.0 h,催化剂用量为1.0 g/L,pH 2的条件下,催化剂有很高的光催化活性,铬(Ⅵ)离子的去除率高达98.95%。尤为值得注意的是,在中性条件下,无定形TiO2纳米颗粒也显示了优越的光催化活性,铬(Ⅵ)离子的去除率达到了98.75%,与强酸性条件下的活性相当。这可能是光催化还原反应历程和导带、价带电位协同作用的结果。

关键词:无定形;纳米TiO2;光催化去除;铬(Ⅵ)离子;废水

中图分类号:X52 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2016)05-1125-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.010

Preparation of Amorphous TiO2 Nanoparticle and Its Activity on Removing Cr(Ⅵ)

Ion of Waste Water under UV Irradiation

YAO Wen-hua,QIN Yun,JIANG Li

(Department of Resources and Environmental, Baoshan College, Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China)

Abstract: The effects of illumination time, pH values, catalyst dosage on photo-catalytic removing of Cr(Ⅵ) were studied using waste water containing dichromate as research system, amorphous TiO2 nanoparticle as catalyst, high-voltage mercury lamp (500 W) as irradiation light. The results indicated that Cr(Ⅵ) could be photo-catalytic removed well, the removing rate of Cr(Ⅵ) ion reached 98.95% when irradiation light was 3 h, catalyst dosage was 1 g/L, pH was 2. It was worth noting that under neutral conditions, amorphous TiO2 nanoparticle also showed higher photocatalytic activity, the removing rate of Cr(Ⅵ) ion reached 98.75%, and was about the same as under the strong acidic conditions. This might be attributed to the synergies effects of photocatalytic reduction mechanism, conduction band potential and valence band potential.

Key words: amorphous; TiO2 nanoparticle; photo-catalytic removing; Cr(Ⅵ) ion;waste water

鉻及其化合物在工业生产的各个领域广泛应用,是冶金工业、金属加工电镀、制革、油漆、颜料、印染、制药、照相制版等行业必不可少的原料。铬的毒性与其存在的形态有很大的关系,通常认为金属铬和二价铬无毒,三价铬具有迁移性小和低毒性特点,毒性最大的是六价铬的化合物,该类化合物具有强氧化性,在环境中溶解性好、迁移性大,大量研究结果表明六价铬的毒性比三价铬高100倍,是导致肺癌的主要影响因素之一[1-3]。国家明文规定工厂排出的废水中铬及其化合物最高浓度不得超过0.5 mg/L[4]。铬(Ⅵ)离子较传统的治理方法有电解还原法、化学沉淀法、离子交换法、吸附法和膜分离法等,但这些技术都有一定的缺陷,因而限制了其应用。如电解法处理含铬废水需要消耗大量电能,为了减少电能消耗,常在铬(Ⅵ)废水中加入食盐,使得废水不能循环使用[5];……

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