景旭东 林海琳 卢美云 阎杰 梁关生

摘要：为了降低包膜肥的生产成本，基于工业圆盘造粒机的原理利用共轭改性废油脂制备缓释包膜氮肥，通过红外分析改性后油脂的结构变化，扫描电镜和高倍金相显微镜观察膜层结构，并进行盆栽和大田试验，测定玉米（Zea mays L.）生长过程中叶数、叶绿素含量（SPAD）、叶面积、株高和茎周长的变化。结果表明，废油脂中共轭双键明显增加增强；膜结构呈现出致密的疏水结构；包膜氮肥组与普通施肥组叶数和叶绿素含量差异不显著，但与不施肥组差异显著，叶面积、株高和茎周长分别比不施肥组最高增加了39.2%、43.7%、36.0%，这对后期玉米生物产量的增加起到了良好的基础作用。

关键词：共轭改性；废油脂；缓释包膜氮肥；肥效；玉米（Zea mays L.）

中图分类号：S145.5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）05-1116-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.008

Preparation of Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Using Conjugate Modification of Waste Oil and Its Fertilizer Efficiency

JING Xu-donga， LIN Hai-lina， LU Mei-yuna， YAN Jiea， LIANG Guan-shengb

（a.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering；b.Teaching and Research Base， Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering，Guangzhou 510225， China）

Abstract： To decrease production costs of coated fertilizer， the slow release nitrogen fertilizer was made by conjugated modified waste oil based on principle of industrial disc granulator， and its structural changes in fat was analyzed by FTIR， and the coated film was observed by high power microscope and SEM. Leaf number， chlorophyll content， leaf area， plant height and stem girth of maize were measurement through carrying out field experiment. The results showed that conjugated double bonds of modified waste oil increased significantly and many dense and hydrophobic structures were found. Leaf number and chlorophyll content of the test group had no difference compare with normal fertilization group， but had significant difference with none fertilizer group ， leaf area， plant height and stem girth mostly had a increase of 39.2%， 43.7%， 36.0% compared with none fertilizer group， which played a good fundamental role for increase of biomass in late yield.

Key words： conjugate modified； wasted oil； slow-release coated fertilizer； fertilizer efficiency； corn（Zea mays L.）

廢弃油脂是指食品生产经营单位在生产经营过程中产生的不能再食用的动植物油脂[1]。在中国，废弃油脂又被称作地沟油、潲水油等，由于废弃油脂回收再利用的成本较高，大量废弃油脂只有少部分被送往化工厂制成脂肪酸和肥皂[2]。近年来，政府加大对废食用油脂管理法制的健全和规范，利用废食用油脂生产生物柴油等新能源的研究成为热点[3，4]；但由于废食用油脂游离脂肪酸含量高，且酸败程度相差大，用于生产生物柴油仍然存在一些技术难题。废油在农业领域的应用研究鲜有报道，很少见作为包膜缓释肥膜材原料。目前，工业化生产的包膜缓释肥的膜材料主要以合成高聚物树脂为主，并采用流化床喷涂法[5]，工艺复杂[6]；……