张士龙 贺正华 黄益勤

摘要：为了探讨超甜玉米果皮柔嫩度在子粒发育进程中的变化规律，以10份超甜玉米自交系为材料，采用硬度计法测定子粒发育过程中果皮柔嫩度值，分析果皮柔嫩度在不同环境条件下的变化。结果表明，10份参试材料在果皮柔嫩度上存在梯度差异，其中PE10果皮柔嫩性最好，T105中等，S33205最差；在湖北武汉（2014年春）、海南陵水（2014年冬）两种环境下，在授粉后第12～24天，PE10、T105、S33205的果皮柔嫩度值均呈上升趋势，且各测定时间点的柔嫩度均值由大到小的顺序均为S33205、T105、PE10；随着子粒的发育，相同材料在不同环境条件下果皮柔嫩度差异呈现先增大后缩小最后又趋于一致的规律；2014年湖北武汉春季与海南陵水冬季相比，同一材料最适采收期相差4 d，但最适采收期的果皮柔嫩度值差异不显著，说明环境改变会影响果皮嫩度变化速率，但果皮柔嫩度的好坏本质上仍决定于材料本身。

关键词：超甜玉米；果皮柔嫩度；变化规律；生长曲线

中图分类号：S63；S513 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）05-1105-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.005

Variation Law of Pericarp Tenderness of Super Sweet Corn Kernel

ZHANG Shi-long1，2， HE Zheng-hua1， HUANG Yi-qin1，3

（1.Institute of Food Crops， Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences， Wuhan 430064， China；2.State Key Laboratory For Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agrobioresources/South China Agricultural University，Guangzhou 510642， China；3.Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry， Yangtze University， Jingzhou 434025， Hubei， China）

Abstract： To investigate the variation law of pericarp tenderness in growth progress of super sweet corn kernel， the value of pericarp tenderness of 10 super sweet corn inbreeds was measured during kernel growth， and the variation under different conditions was analyzed. The results showed that there existed gradient differences in pericarp tenderness among 10 materials， of which PE10 had best pericarp tenderness， T105 took medial place， and S33205 performed worst in pericarp tenderness. Pericarp tenderness value of these 3 inbreeds increased curvedly from 12 to 24 days after pollination， in the spring （Wuhan） and winter （Lingshui， Hainan） of 2014. Moreover， the average of pericarp tenderness at different time points presented the same decreasing order as S33205， T105， PE10， not altered by season. With the growth of kernel， for one material， the difference of pericarp tenderness under different environments presented a law as increment， reduction， uniformity. As for optimum-picking time， there was four days difference between two environments above-mentioned. However， there was no obvious difference in pericarp tenderness on the optimum picking time. Which indicate that ambient condition could affect the variation ratio of pericarp tenderness， but it still depend on the nature of materials.

Key words： super sweet corn； pericarp tenderness； variation law； growth curve

果皮柔嫩度是指果皮抵抗由于咀嚼而破碎的能力，是一個受多种因素影响的复合品质性状，是衡量鲜食玉米品质的一个非常重要的指标[1-3]，在超甜玉米品质育种中正在被越来越多的育种家所重视。

前人研究认为，玉米果皮柔嫩度主要取决于果皮厚度，柔嫩度与子粒的果皮厚度呈负相关[4]；显微尺法[2]、测微计法[5]、硬度计法[6]等能明确区分果皮厚度及柔韧性的差异。超甜玉米子粒粗纤维含量较高[7]；……