人工强化生态缓冲装置对城市初期雨水污染负荷的削减作用
2016-10-19颜锟崔康平许为义汪翠萍张国臣
颜锟 崔康平 许为义 汪翠萍 张国臣



摘要:为削减城市初期雨水的污染负荷,设计了以碎石和碎木片为填料主体的人工强化生态缓冲装置,研究了该系统在较短淹水时间(15、30、60 min)内对城市初期雨水水质的改善效果,分析了生态缓冲带对COD、NH3-N、TN、TP等4种污染物的去除过程和机理。结果表明,15 min淹水时间下对COD、NH3-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为37.32%、53.36%、19.04%、31.26%;60 min淹水时间的平均去除率分别为63.72%、71.64%、32.83%、49.35%,平均出水浓度为74.00、3.46、12.13、1.46 mg/L,均达到了城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)的一级或二级标准。
关键词:人工强化生态缓冲带;初期雨水;淹水时间;削减
中图分类号:X703.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2016)08-1964-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.08.014
Abstract: An artificially intensified ecological buffer was designed for the reduction of pollution load of initial rainwater. Gravel and chips was the main body of carrier for buffer. The improved effects for the initial rainwater of the system in a short submerge time (15,30,60 min) were considered. The removal mechanism and process of COD,NH3-N,TN and TP were emphatically analyzed in the test. The results showed that at the submerge time of 15 min,the average removal rates of COD、NH3-N,TN and TP were 37.32%,53.36%,19.04% and 31.26%; At the time of 60 min,the average removal rates were 63.72%,71.64%,32.83%,49.35%, the average concentrations in effluent were 74.00,3.46,12.13,1.46 mg/L. The concentrations of pollutions were meet the first or second grade discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB18918-2002).
Key words: artificially intensified ecological buffer; initial rainwater; submerge time; removal
随着城乡一体化的迅速发展和居民生活水平的提高,水资源短缺已成为制约中国经济和社会发展的重要因素,而不断推进的工业化进程,也使得水体污染日益严重。在发达国家,点源污染已基本得到有效控制,雨水径流带来的非点源污染成为水体污染的主要因素[1,2]。城市地表径流含有相当数量的悬浮颗粒物、营养盐、重金属和有机污染物,如果未经处理排入城市受纳水体,易引发水体富营养化和水生生態系统破坏等[3-5]。研究表明,雨水径流具有明显的初期冲刷效应,即在多数情况下,污染物集中在初期的数毫米雨量中[2,5]。因此,控制初期雨水成为雨水利用系统和城市径流污染控制的一项主要举措[6,7]。
雨水生态处理技术作为低影响开发(Low impact development,LID)体系[8]的重要组成部分,在径流量削减、径流污染控制、地下水回补及景观方面具有显著的生态效应[9]。……
