消费者策略行为和成员损失规避下的供应链协调
2016-10-14申成霖张新鑫
申成霖 张新鑫
摘要:构建基于消费者策略行为的供应链收益共享契约模型,研究集中式和分散式决策下,风险中性供应商和损失规避零售商的决策行为,探讨消费者策略行为强度、零售商损失规避度对供应链协调决策的影响。研究表明:零售商最优订购量是损失规避度和批发价与收益共享系数比的减函数,消费者策略性越强,产品的批发价格越低,零售商获得的利润分成越高;面对策略型消费者,当供应商为风险中性,零售商为损失规避时,收益共享契约能够实现供应链的协调和上下游间损失共担;当上下游企业的议价能力相当时,收益共享契约更易于实施。
关键词:消费者策略行为;收益共享契约;损失规避;议价能力;供应链
DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2016.04.25
中图分类号:F713 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8409(2016)04-0114-06
Abstract:This paper proposes a revenue sharing contract model based on strategic consumer behavior, and analyze decision behavior of risk neutral supplier, loss aversion retailer and strategic consumers in the centralized and decentralized supply chain. Also, it explores impacts of strategic consumer behavior and retailers loss aversion on supply chains coordination. It finds that: the retailers optimal order quantity decreases in his loss aversion and the ratio of wholesale price and revenue sharing parameter. The greater the intensity of strategic consumer behavior, the lower the wholesale price or the higher the retailers revenue share;when supplier is risk neutral, retailer is loss aversion, and consumers are strategic, revenue sharing contract can achieve coordination and the loss sharing between supply chain members;when upstream and downstream enterprises have similar bargaining power, the revenue sharing contract is easier to implement.
Key words:strategic consumer behavior; revenue sharing contract; loss aversion; bargaining power; supply chain
1引言
近年来,消费者策略行为及其对企业运营决策的影响引起了实业界和学术界的广泛关注。鉴于消费者策略行为加剧了市场需求的不确定性,为了避免损失,管理者往往选择较为保守的决策行为,如损失规避等。损失规避导致供应链成员关系发生变化,而策略型消费者的涌现改变了市场环境。这些内外因素使得原来具有良好协调效果的供应链契约可能在新的供应链系统中不再适用,本文探讨消费者行为、成员损失规避和成员议价能力对供应链协调的影响。一些学者采用前景理论研究具有损失规避特性的供应链协调问题,如Schweitzer和Cachon[1]基于前景理论,采用实证方法分析损失规避型报童厂商的决策。……
