马义平， 曾向明， 魏海军， 赵 睿， 王忠诚， 许乐平

(上海海事大学 商船学院， 上海 201306)

国内外船用LNG动力发动机发展现状

马义平， 曾向明， 魏海军， 赵 睿， 王忠诚， 许乐平

(上海海事大学 商船学院， 上海 201306)

为加深对船用液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas，LNG)发动机各厂家、各机型的了解，为将来国内船舶排放控制区内船舶机型选择及LNG发动机发展提供参考，在纯气体机、双燃料机和混烧机分类的基础上，从缸内直喷、支管进气及总管进气等不同进气方式出发，对不同厂家的LNG发动机进行分析，并从动力性、经济型、燃气替代率、NOx排放及甲烷逃逸量等方面对各机型进行比较。结果表明：气体机能耗都较柴油机大；双燃料发动机的燃气模式能耗约比燃油模式降低10%；国外发动机NOx排放大部分满足Tier Ⅲ，且都对甲烷逃逸量有控制；而国内LNG发动机与国外相比在技术、功率、价格及尾气排放上都有较大差距；国内发动机普遍采用总管进气，总体性能较差，且纯气体机功率部分范围断挡。研究显示：LNG发动机进气方式宜采用支管多点喷射或缸内高压直喷；发动机类型适合采用“微引燃”式双燃料机或高性能纯气体机。

液化天然气(LNG)； 发动机； 纯气体； 双燃料； 混烧

Abstract: To deeply understand the marine Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fueled engines of different manufacturers’ various engines, and provide references for ship’s engine model selection in China’s future emission restricted area and for development of China’s LNG fueled engines, the marine LNG fueled engines of different manufacturers are analyzed according to the fuel types and different ways of LNG gas inlet; in addition, the comparison is carried out from the angle of power performance, economy, gas replacement rate, NOxemission and methane escape. The results of the study indicate: Energy consumption of pure gas engine is larger than that of diesel engine; Compared to oil mode, the energy consumption of dual-fuel engine at gas mode reduces by 10%; NOxemission of most foreign LNG engines meet Tier Ⅲ, and methane escape of engines are controlled well; There is a large gap on technology, power, price and flue gas emission between domestic and foreign engines. Gas inlet in header pipe applied in most engines, poor overall performance and narrow power range are the main phenomenon of domestic LNG fueled engines. The study shows: gas intake adopting manifold multi-point injection or high pressure direct injection in cylinder, and engine model adopting “micro ignition” dual-fuel engine or high-performance pure gas engine, are best for the LNG fueled engine.

Keywords: LNG; engine; pure gas; dual-fuel; mixed burning

我国交通运输部印发的《船舶与港口污染防治专项行动实施方案(2015—2020年)》[1]提出：到2020年，珠三角、长三角及环渤海水域船舶的硫氧化物(SOx)、氮氧化物(NOx)和颗粒物(PM)排放量与2015年相比分别下降65%,20%及30%。该方案提出的11项主要任务中的第6项为积极推进液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas，LNG)燃料应用。……