徐明黎，陶才莉，文传芳，罗洪琴（重庆市璧山区人民医院妇产科402760）

高龄孕妇和适龄孕妇对妊娠风险感知的差异性研究*

徐明黎，陶才莉，文传芳，罗洪琴
（重庆市璧山区人民医院妇产科402760）

目的分析高龄孕妇和适龄孕妇妊娠期并发症发生情况及对妊娠风险感知的差异。方法选取该院妇产科2014年1月至2015年5月接收的60例年龄在20～29岁适龄初产孕妇（适龄孕妇组）和30例年龄在35岁及以上高龄初产孕妇（高龄孕妇组）作为研究对象。对比分析两组孕妇的学历水平、妊娠并发症及对妊娠风险的感知评分情况。结果高龄孕妇的学历普遍高于适龄孕妇，且两组孕妇本科及以上学历比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；高龄孕妇组妊娠并发症总发生率［46.7%（14/30）］高于适龄孕妇组［30.0%（18/60）］，且妊娠高血压发生率［20.0%（6/30）］明显高于适龄孕妇组［6.7%（4/60）］，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；高龄孕妇组孕妇对剖宫产［（52.0±28.1）分］、产妇死亡［（13.8±12.3）分］、胎儿早产［（32.4±28.1）分］、胎儿出生缺陷［（28.4±22.3）分］、需要进行特殊护理［（30.2±24.2）分］等风险评分均明显高于适龄孕妇组［（30.6±20.3）、（9.2±14.1）、（23.2±27.5）、（17.2±19.5）、（20.4±20.7）分］，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论在产前检查护理中了解孕妇对妊娠风险的评估，有助于了解并掌握孕妇的心理波动和想法，有利于医护人员有针对性地对孕妇开展心理疏导，帮助高龄初产孕妇减轻焦虑状况，进而选择正确的分娩方式。

孕妇；年龄因素；高血压，妊娠性；妊娠并发症；心理护理

【Abstract】Objective To analyze the occurrence situation of pregnant complications in advanced age and appropriate age pregnant women and the difference of cognition on pregnancy risk between them.M ethods Sixty primiparous pregnant women aged 20-29 yearsold in our hospital from January 2014 to May 2015were selected as the appropriate age pregnant women group and 30 advanced primiparous pregnant women aged 35 years old ormore were selected as the advanced age pregnant women group.The education back ground，pregnant complications and cognition scores on pregnancy risk in the two groupswere performed the contrastive analysis.Results The education back ground in the advanced age pregnant women was generally higher than that in the appropriate age pregnant women，more over the bachelor degree or abovehad statistical difference between the two groups（P＜0.05）；the totaloccurrence rate of pregnant complications in the advanced age pregnant women group was 46.7%（14/ 30），which was higher than 30.0%（18/60）in the appropriate age pregnant women group，moreover the occurrence rate of pregnant hypertension was 20.0%（6/30），which was significantly higher than 6.7%（4/60）in the appropriate age pregnant women group with statistical difference（P＜0.05）；the risk scores in the advanced age pregnantwomen were（52.0±28.1）points for cesarean section，（13.8±12.3）points for pregnant woman death，（32.4±28.1）points for premature delivery，（28.4±22.3）points for fetal birth defectand（30.2±24.2）points for needing special treatment，which were significantly higher than（30.6±20.3）points，（9.2± 14.1）points，（23.2±27.5）points，（17.2±19.5）pointsand（20.4±20.7）points in the appropriate age pregnant women group，the differences were statistically significant（P＜0.05）.Conclusion Understanding theevaluation of pregnant women on pregnant risk in prenatalexamination and nursing is conducive to underst and andmaster the psychological fluctuation and thought，contributes to medical staff to carry out pertinent psychological relief on pregnant women，and helps the advanced age primiparous pregnant women to alleviate the anxiety status，thus selects the correctdeliverymode.

【Key words】Pregnant women；Age factors；Hypertension，pregnancy-induced；Pregnancy complications；Psychologicalnursing

在初产分娩中女性年龄在35岁及以上的孕妇被划分在高龄产妇的范围内［1］。随着女性年龄的不断增长，妊娠的危险性也在不断增加，高龄产妇在妊娠过程中发生并发症的概率也相应提升，新生儿发生缺陷、患病和死亡的概率有着较大提升。……