无偿献血者ELISA灰区标本的追踪检测结果分析

2016-08-30张国平焦作市中心血站河南焦作454000

中国卫生产业 2016年12期

关键词：检测

张国平焦作市中心血站，河南焦作　454000

无偿献血者ELISA灰区标本的追踪检测结果分析

张国平
焦作市中心血站，河南焦作454000

目的对无偿献血者ELISA灰区标本进行追踪检测，探讨灰区的设置原则。方法使用ELISA对39 318名无偿献血者进行HBsAg、抗HCV、抗HIV、抗TP四项传染性指标检测；对既往献过血的175名灰区结果献血者进行追踪检测。结果39 318名无偿献血者中，酶免4项合计反应性标本105例，占献血者总数的0.27%；灰区标本233例，占献血者总数的0.59%。175名灰区献血者追踪检测结果仍为灰区的68例，占38.9%；结果为非反应性的107例，占61.1%；未发现转为反应性的标本。结论4项传染性指标以初检复检两次ELISA进行检测的模式下，为了提高血液安全水平，应设置灰区；核酸检测技术（NAT）应用于献血者传染性指标检测后，可以对ELISA灰区标本进行NAT追踪检测，取得一定的研究数据后，进一步探讨ELISA实验的灰区设置问题。

无偿献血者；ELISA；灰区；追踪检测

［Abstract］Objective To track and test the ELISA grey-area specimens in blood donors without payment and study the setup principles of grey-area.Methods 39318 blood donors without payment were detected by four infectious indicators including HBsAg，anti-HCV，anti-HIV and anti-TP by ELISA，and 175 blood donors with grey-area results were tracked and detected.Results In 39318 blood donors without payment，there were 105 reactive specimens（four items in total by enzyme immunoassay），accounting for 0.27%and 233 grey-area specimens，accounting for 0.59%；tracking test results showed that in the 751 grey-area blood donors，there were still 68 grey-area donors，accounting for 38.9%and 107 non-reactive donors，accounting for 61.1%，and none was converted to reactive specimen.Conclusion In the pattern of four infectious indicators with initial examine and duplicate examine，the gray-area should be set in order to improve the blood safety level；NAT should be applied after the test of infectious indicators of blood donors，the ELISA grey-area specimen can be tracked and tested by NAT，and the grey-area setup problems of ELISA experiment should be further discussed after obtaining a certain research data.

［Key words］Blood donors without payment；ELISA；Grey-area；Tracing test

按照《献血者健康检查要求》［1］，血站应对无偿献血者，进行乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）、丙型肝炎抗体（抗HCV）、艾滋病病毒抗体（抗HIV）和梅毒抗体（抗TP）初检复检二次检测。为进一步提高临床用血安全水平，保证用血者身体健康，很多血站检验科在使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA），对上述4项传染性指标进行结果判读时，除了“反应性”和“非反应性”外，还会设置“灰区”［2-4］。为了对灰区的设置原则进行探讨，该站对检测结果为灰区的献血者，进行了追踪检测，现报道如下。