曹振兰，兰晓霞，胡春秀，赵化冰

(1. 辽宁医学院，锦州　121000；2. 武警后勤学院附属医院妇产科，天津　300162；3. 天津市职业与环境危害防制重点实验室，天津　300309；4. 武警后勤学院部队流行病学与统计学教研室，天津　300309)



大负荷运动对雌性大鼠雌激素及抗苗勒管激素的影响

曹振兰1，2，兰晓霞3，4 #，胡春秀2，赵化冰3*

(1. 辽宁医学院，锦州121000；2. 武警后勤学院附属医院妇产科，天津300162；3. 天津市职业与环境危害防制重点实验室，天津300309；4. 武警后勤学院部队流行病学与统计学教研室，天津300309)

目的探讨大负荷运动对卵巢功能的影响，为防治运动性月经失调，提高训练成绩提供依据。方法选择20只动情周期稳定的健康雌性SD大鼠，随机分为两组，实验组和对照组各10只，按预设方案进行跑台训练；动态观察阴道脱落细胞；监测大鼠的体重及血清雌二醇(E2)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平。结果随着运动负荷增加，实验组大鼠于第4周起开始出现动情周期紊乱现象；第5、6周实验组大鼠的平均体重[分别为(288.80±8.51)g、(286.70±12.95)g]显著低于对照组[分别为(305.76±7.57)g、(314.67±11.08)g](P均<0.01)；第5、6周实验组大鼠的血清E2水平[分别为(349.86±25.84)pmol/L、(332.14±27.82)pmol/L]显著低于对照组[分别为(412.80±36.81)pmol/L、(417.79±22.24)pmol/L](P均<0.01)，AMH水平[分别为(2.06±0.42)ng/ml、(1.81±0.48)ng/ml]亦显著低于对照组[分别为(2.55±0.50)ng/ml、(2.46±0.55)ng/ml](P均<0.05)。结论持续的大负荷运动会造成大鼠动情周期紊乱，血清E2和AMH水平下降，提示大负荷运动应激导致月经失调的发生机制可能与卵巢功能下降有关。

大负荷运动；动情周期；雌激素；抗苗勒管激素

【Abstract】

Objective： To investigate the effects of high intensity exercise on ovarian function，in order to provide the basis evidences for preventing exercise-induced menstrual disorders and improving training results.

Methods： Twenty healthy female SD rats with stable estrus cycle were randomly divided into two groups according to different exercise training scheme： the experimental group and control group，ten for each group. The vaginal exfoliated cells and serum levels of estrogen & anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) were dynamically observed and monitored.

Results： Along with the exercise load increased，the rats in the experimental group began to appear estrus cycle disorder from the fourth week. In the fifth and sixth week，the average weight in experimental rats [(288.80±8.51) g and (286.70±12.95) g，respectively] was significantly lower than the control group [(305.76±7.57) g and (314.67±11.08) g，respectively] (P<0.01). The serum levels of estrogen [(349.86±25.84) vs. (412.80±36.81) pmol/L and (332.14±27.82) vs. (417.79±22.24) pmol/L] were significantly lower than those in the control group (allP<0.01), and AMH [(2.06±0.42) vs. (2.55±0.50) ng/ml and (1.81±0.48) vs. (2.46±0.55) ng/ml] were also significantly lower than those in the control group (allP<0.05).

Conclusions： The present experiment results suggest that high intensity exercise can result in abnormal estrus cycle，the decrease of serum levels of estrogen and AMH in female rats，which indicates that the mechanism lead to menstrual disorder by high intensity exercise may be related to a decline in ovarian function.

(JReprodMed2016，25(8)：725-730)

大负荷运动常可导致运动性月经失调(EAMD)。资料显示，EAMD在女性耐力运动员和舞蹈演员中的发生率约为5%～20%，包括运动性闭经(AA)、月经稀疏、无排卵周期和黄体功能不全(LPD)等[1]。EAMD的发生不仅影响运动员的运动能力，其对运动员生育功能的影响也越来越受到重视。抗苗勒管激素(AMH)作为反应卵巢储备功能最早的敏感性指标[2-3]，在预测卵巢功能方面的作用已得到公众认可，但其在EAMD中的水平变化少见报道。……