宋涛 陈洪 刘宏 王德胜 张根培

摘要：在赣北彭泽县棉区土壤肥力水平条件下，采用氮、磷、钾3个因素4个水平的施肥设计，研究了不同施肥水平对棉花的增产增效作用，结果显示：氮肥施用量过低或过高都会导致棉花减产，而土壤磷、钾素供应能力较高时，施磷、钾肥对棉花产量影响不显著。氮、磷、钾三元效应方程拟合为y=113.25+6.8089 N-0.117 P+16.935 K-0.433O NP+1.3891 NK-0.015 PK-0.156 N2+0.0934 P2-0.355 K2，复相关系数r=0.99，获得经济最佳籽棉产量4470.55 kg/hm2的优化施肥方案是纯N为404.4 kg/hm2，P2O5为150.8 kg/hm2，K2O为170.1 kg/hm2，在彭泽棉区冲积土植棉稳氮、足磷、少钾有利于棉花增产。

关键词：棉花；肥料配比；最佳施肥量；施肥模型

中图分类号： S562.062 文献标识码： A 文章编号：2095-3143（2016）04-0027-05

Abstract： Under the conditions of the soil fertility level in Pengze County of Northern Jiangxi， the three factors of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium with four level fertilization experiments were designed to study the increasing yield efficiency on cotton in different fertilization level. The results showed that low or high nitrogen application rate could lead to decrease cotton yield， but it had no significant influence on cotton yield with the application of phosphorus and potassium in this soil which could supply quite high phosphorus and potassium. The ternary effect equation fitting of N， P， K y=113.25+6.8089 N-0.117 P+16.935 K-0.433O NP+1.3891 NK-0.015 PK-0.156 N2+0.0934 P2-0.355 K2 ， the multiple correlation coefficient r=0.99， the optimal fertilizing scheme of obtaining the economic optimal seed cotton yield was that pure nitrogen was 404.4kg/hm2， P2O5 was 150.8 kg/hm2，K2O was 170.1 kg/hm2. The method of stable nitrogen， sufficient phosphorus and less potassium was advantageous to increase cotton yield in alluvial soil in Pengze County of Northern Jiangxi.

Key words： Cotton； Fertilizer allocated proportion； Optimal fertilizing amount

0 引言

棉花是彭泽县的主要种植作物，彭泽县是国家第一批建设的优质棉基地县，也是江西的第一产棉大县，但近年来受棉花种植效益的影响，彭泽县的棉花种植面积在不断萎缩[1-3]。为了稳定彭泽县棉花生产，江西省棉花研究所和彭泽县农业局在彭泽县棉田上作了大量节本增效试验探索[4-9]。目前彭泽县棉农在施肥上存在较大的盲目性，存在重施氮肥轻施磷钾肥的现象[10]。因此，作者根据江西省彭泽县测土配方施肥项目工作安排，结合大部分植棉土壤（冲积土）的肥力水平情况，在彭泽县棉花重要生产区芙蓉墩镇太字村的棉田进行了“3414”肥料效应试验，以确定长江冲积土类型棉田的最佳施肥量和氮磷钾肥料配比，为构建该区域棉花施肥模型提供科学依据[11]。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验地概况

试验地点设在彭泽县芙蓉墩镇太字村七组周柱泽农户棉田，土样编号为土-15，试验土壤类型为长江冲积土，沙质中壤，土壤肥力中等；……