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百棉1号轻简化育苗移栽技术及示范推广

2016-08-15张金宝王园园刘孝峰孙润润晁毛妮张新马亮王清连

棉花科学 2016年4期

张金宝 王园园 刘孝峰 孙润润 晁毛妮 张新 马亮 王清连

摘要: 以百棉1号为材料,在河南省进行轻简化育苗、机械化移栽的研究与示范,通过建立工厂化集中轻简育苗基地,以机械化移栽为主体,以减少用工,降低成本,提高效率,增加效益。结果表明:示范区经测产平均皮棉产量为3300~3750 kg/hm2,霜前花率在70%左右,基本实现了百棉1号轻简化育苗机械化移栽大面积优质高产的目标。从而集成了百棉1号轻简化育苗、机械化移栽的关键技术,为百棉1号的推广与应用提供参考。

关键词:棉花;百棉1号;轻简育苗;机械化移栽;种植技术

中图分类号: S562.037 文献标识码: B 文章编号:2095-3143(2016)04-0035-05

Abstract: Taking the cotton variety Bianmian No.1 as material, the research and demonstration test of the light simplified seedling and mechanized transplanting was carried out in Henan Province. In order to reduce the labor, reduce the cost, improve the efficiency and increase the benefit, we bulit factory to concentrate the light simplified seedling and took the mechanized transplanting as the main body. The results showed that the average yield through measuring the production in demonstration area was 3300 ~ 3750 kg/hm2, the pre-frost yield was about 70%, and the target of high quality and high yield for Baimian No.1 with light simplified seedling and mechanized transplanting were basically achieved. Thus, the key technology of light simplified seedling and mechanized transplanting was integrated, which was provided a reference for the popularization and application of Baimian No.1.

Key words: Cotton; Baimian No.1; Light simplified Seedling; Mechanized Transplanting; Planting technique

0 引言

棉花是关系国计民生的战略物资,也是仅次于粮食的第二大农作物。我国棉花无论是种植面积还是产量,都位于世界前列[1]。但与先进植棉大国相比,我国的棉花生产方式落后、经营规模小、劳动生产率低、生产成本比较高。我国棉花生产面积基本稳定,主要集中在新疆、黄河及长江流域三个主要产棉区。黄河和长江流域棉花种植多数还处于全人工阶段,机播、机收等机械化水平很低,浪费了大量的人力和物力[2]。因此,植棉机械化技术的应用显得尤为重要。随着小麦生产全程机械化的发展,黄河流域棉区亟需改麦棉套种为麦后移栽或麦后直播,而棉花麦后夏棉直播要求品种的生育期必须在100 d以内,目前我国审定的短季棉品种还不能满足要求,只有通过集约化育苗、机械化移栽才能有效解决黄河流域麦棉两熟制面临的生育期不足的矛盾,促进麦棉协调发展[3]。……

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