辱虐管理与下属工作—家庭冲突:一个有调节的中介模型
2016-08-10东北财经大学投资工程管理学院辽宁大连116025
鞠 蕾(东北财经大学 投资工程管理学院,辽宁 大连 116025)
辱虐管理与下属工作—家庭冲突:一个有调节的中介模型
鞠 蕾
(东北财经大学 投资工程管理学院,辽宁 大连 116025)
辱虐管理对下属工作—家庭冲突具有正向影响效应;心理困扰在辱虐管理与下属工作—家庭冲突间起到中介作用;员工宽恕行为能够调节以心理困扰为中介的辱虐管理对下属工作—家庭冲突影响的作用。企业管理者应该注意自己的管理方式,避免采用辱虐管理手段;完善规章制度建设,丰富沟通渠道,为遭受辱虐管理的员工提供组织支持;加强员工心理能力建设,提供与宽恕行为干预相关的培训。
辱虐管理;工作—家庭冲突;心理困扰;宽恕行为
一、引 言
辱虐管理(abusive supervision)普遍地存在于企业组织中,是严重的社会问题之一①Tepper,B.J.,“Abusive Supervision in Work Organizations:Review,Synthesis,and Research Agenda”,Journal of Management,Vol.33,No.3,2007,pp.261-289.。在美国,约10%~16%的公司员工经常遭受主管的辱虐,并且这一数字在连年提高②Harvey,P.,Stoner,J.,Hochwarter,W.,Kacmar,C.,“Coping with Abusive Supervision:The Neutralizing Effects of Ingratiation and Positive Affect on Negative Employee Outcomes”,The Leadership Quarterly,Vol.18,No.3,2007,pp.264-280.。调查显示,美国企业每年因辱虐管理造成的员工缺勤、医疗费用增加、生产效率下降等损失约为238亿美元③Tepper,B.J.,Duffy,M.K.,Henle,C.A.,Lambert,L.S.,“Procedural Injustice,Victim Precipitation,and Abusive Supervision”,Personnel Psychology,Vol.59,No.1,2006,pp.101-123.。辱虐管理能够引发消极态度和心理困扰④Tepper,B.J.,“Abusive Supervision in Work Organizations:Review,Synthesis,and Research Agenda”,Journal of Management,Vol.33,No.3,2007,pp.261-289.,影响绩效⑤Xu,E.,Huang,X.,Lam,C.K.,Miao,Q.,“Abusive Supervision and Work Behaviors:The Mediating Role of LMX”,Journal of Organizational Behavior,Vol.33,No.4,2012,pp.531-543.、组织承诺⑥Ogunfowora,B.,“When the Abuse is Unevenly Distributed:The Effects of Abusive Supervision Variability on Work Attitudes and Behaviors”,Journal of Organizational Behavior,Vol.34,No.8,2013,pp.1105-1123.、组织公民行为⑦Zellars,K.L.,Tepper,B.J.,Duffy,K.M.,“Abusive Supervision and Subordinates’Organizational Citizenship Behavior”,Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol.87,No.6,2002,pp.1068-1076.、创造力①Liu,D.,Liao,H.,Loi,R.,“The Dark Side of Leadership:A Three-Level Investigation of the Cascading Effect of Abusive Supervision on Employee Creativity”,Academy of Management Journal,Vol.55,No.5,2012,pp.1187-1212.、偏差行为②Tepper,B.J.,Henle,C.A.,Lambert,L.S.,Giacalone,R.A.,Duffy,M.K.,“Abusive Supervision and Subordinates,Organization Deviance”,Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol.93,No.4,2008,pp.721-732.、反生产行为③Shoss,M.K.,Eisenberger,R.,Restubog,S.L.D.,Zagenczyk,T.J.,“Blaming the Organization for Abusive Supervision:The Roles of Perceived Organizational Support and Supervisor,s Organizational Embodiment”,Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol.98,No.1,2013,pp.158-168.、建言和沉默行为④Burris,E.R.,Detert,J.R.,Chiaburu,D.S.,“Quitting before Leaving:The Mediating Effects of Psychological Attachment and Detachment on Voice”,Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol.93,No.4,2008,pp.912-922.等。辱虐管理的消极结果不仅局限于工作领域之内,甚至会蔓延到工作域之外,导致酗酒与吸毒的增加⑤Bamberger,P.A.,Bacharach,S.B.,“Abusive Supervision and Subordinate Problems Drinking:Taking Resistance,Stress and Subordinate Personality into Account”,Human Relations,Vol.59,No.6,2006,pp.723-752.和对家庭的影响⑥Restubog,S.L.D.,Scott,K.L.,Zagenczyk,T.J.,“When Distress Hits Home:The Role of Contextual Factors and Psychological Distress in Predicting Employees,Responses to Abusive Supervision”,Journal of Applied Psychology,Vol.96,No.4,2011,pp.713-729.,造成工作—家庭冲突⑦Tepper,B.J.,“Consequences of Abusive Supervision”,Academy of Management Journal,Vol.43,No.2,2000,pp.178-190.。工作—家庭冲突问题会引发员工不满、离职率攀升、工作压力增加等诸多消极结果⑧Parasuraman,S.,Greenhaus,J.H.,Granrose,C.S.,“Role Stressors,Social Support,and Well-Being among Two-Career Couples”,Journal of Organizational Behavior,Vol.13,No.4,1992,pp.339-356.,并对组织绩效、心理契约、组织承诺等产生……
