卒中相关性肺炎研究进展
2016-07-27王勤鹰
王勤鹰,詹 青
上海中医药大学附属上海市第七人民医 1. 院神经内科;2. 神经康复科,上海 200137
综述Review
卒中相关性肺炎研究进展
王勤鹰1, 2,詹 青1, 2
上海中医药大学附属上海市第七人民医 1. 院神经内科;2. 神经康复科,上海 200137
摘要
关键词:卒中;肺炎;危险因素;预测评分
王勤鹰, 詹 青. 卒中相关性肺炎研究进展[J]. 神经病学与神经康复学杂志, 2016, 12(1):29–35.
FUNDlNG/SUPPORT: Foundation of Shanghai Disabled Persons’ Federation (No. K2014015); Shanghai Three–year Action Planning for Further Accelerating Development of Chinese Medicine (No. ZY3–FWMS–2–1012); Construction Project of Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pudong New Area of Shanghai (No. PDZYXK–1–2014001)
CONFLlCT OF lNTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Received Feb. 1, 2016; accepted for publication Mar. 1, 2016
Copyright © 2016 by Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation
ZHAN Qing
E-MAIL ADDRESS
zhanqing@tongji.edu.cn
ABSTRACT
Pneumonia is one of the most common complications of stroke. Understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging findings and the risk factors related to stroke-associated pneumonia may contribute to the early identification of highrisk patients and taking strategies for prevention in early-stage after the onset of stroke,so as to reduce the incidence rate of stroke-associated pneumonia. Early identification of stroke-associated pneumonia and effective treatment can improve the success rate of treatment in patients with stroke. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, pathogen characteristics, risk assessment and prediction, and prevention measures of stroke-associated pneumonia in recent years, in order to provide clinical guidance on diagnosis, prevention and treatment of stroke-associated pneumonia.
To cite: WANG Q Y, ZHAN Q. Advances in stroke–associated pneumonia. J Neurol and Neurorehabil, 2016, 12(1):29–35.
卒中是全球3大死因之一。2008年,中国公布的第3次全国死因调查报告显示,卒中已成为第1致死病因(136.64/10万)。卒中的预后与并发症密切相关,而肺炎是卒中最常见的并发症之一[1]。2003年,HILKER等[2]首次提出卒中相关性肺炎(stroke-associated pneumonia,SAP),并在2015年的SAP诊断共识[3]中被指定为卒中后下呼吸道感染的推荐术语。
1 SAP发生率
发达国家的SAP发生率与患者入住的病房类型有关。其中,神经重症监护病房(neurological intensive care unit,NICU)的SAP发生率为9.5%~56.6%;综合重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)的SAP发生率为17%~50%;卒中单元的SAP发生率为3.9%~12% [但有一项研究报道SAP发生率高达44%,该研究的样本量较小(100例),患者的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)平均评分为13.4,其中18%的患者需要接受机械通气][4];其他病房的SAP发生率为3.9%~23.8%[5]。在中国,NICU的SAP发生率为37.98%[6],而急性缺血性卒中的SAP发生率为11.4%~24.08%[7-9]。
中国、德国和英国均开展了大样本的多中心SAP研究,并得到了不同的SAP预测评分法(表1)。这些大样本SAP研究的结果显示,中国卒中患者的SAP发生率明显高于德国和英国的卒中患者。究其原因,可能涉及如下几个因素。首先。可能是因为中国的多中心研究覆盖了全国27个省及4个直辖市,但由于各地区的医疗发展水平并不均衡,因此部分医疗条件较差的地区的SAP发生率较高。……
