抗癫药物与心血管疾病危险因素
2016-07-27王新新陆钦池
王新新,陆钦池
上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经内科,上海 200127
综述Review
王新新,陆钦池
上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经内科,上海 200127
摘要
陆钦池
qinchilu@yahoo.com
CONFLlCT OF lNTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Received Jan. 18, 2016; accepted for publication 1. March, 2016
Copyright © 2016 by Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation
To
cite: WANG X X, LU Q C. Antiepileptic drugs and risk factors of cardiovascular disease. J Neurol and Neurorehabil, 2016, 12(1):36–40.
LU Qinchi
E-MAIL ADDRESS
qinchilu@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
There is a reciprocal causal relationship between epilepsy and cardiovascular disease (CVD),which means that epilepsy may increase the incidence rate and mortality of CVD, while the CVD may induce the sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Different antiepileptic drugs have different effects on the risk factors of CVD including body weight, insulin resistance,metabolic syndrome, serum uric acid level, carotid artery intima-media thickness and markers of oxidative stress. In view of the fact that some antiepileptic drugs may increase or reduce the risk of occurrence of CVD, therefore, in individualized antiepileptic therapy,appropriate antiepileptic drugs should be selected for patients with high risk of CVD,meanwhile, the rational use of drugs which can reduce the risk of CVD is recommended.
2 心血管疾病与癫猝死的关系
3.1 受抗癫痫药物影响的心血管疾病危险因素
心血管疾病危险因素是指能够增加心血管疾病发生风险的因素。某些抗癫药物可增加心血管疾病的发生风险,提高心血管疾病的发生率及死亡率。抗癫药物影响的心血管疾病危险因素主要包括体质量、胰岛素抵抗、代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MetS)、颈动脉内膜中层厚 度(carotid intima-media thickness,CIMT)、血清尿酸水平和氧化应激标志物等。
体质量增加、胰岛素抵抗及MetS是常见的血管危险因素,3者相互伴随且互为因果。体质量增加常伴随胰岛素抵抗及MetS,使血清胆固醇水平升高,继而引发动脉粥样硬化。此外,体质量增加、胰岛素抵抗及MetS可通过扩血管物质(一氧化氮)、缩血管物质(内皮素)及凝血因子(纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子1)的合成失平衡而导致血管内皮功能障碍[10]。伴胰岛素抵抗的MetS患者的一氧化氮合成减少,而内皮素及纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子1合成增加,从而使血管过度收缩且抗凝能力下降,继而导致血管内皮细胞受损,加速血栓及动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生进程,进而增加心血管疾病发生风险[10]。
血清尿酸水平与心血管疾病的发生率和死亡率均密切相关。血清尿酸水平升高可增加心血管疾病发生风险。已有研究表明,尿酸具有致炎及促进氧化应激的作用[11],可作为MetS的提示因素,参与动脉粥样硬化过程[12],增加动脉纤维化患者的卒中风险。……
