张学领

摘 要：观察短期冲刺间歇训练对运动员运动中肌氧含量以及运动能力的影响，为科学合理制定训练计划提供依据。将30名青年男子篮球运动员随机分为实验组（EG，n=15名）和对照组（CG，n=15名）。CG运动员正常训练，EG在正常训练基础上每周进行2次冲刺间歇训练，实验周期为4周。分别于实验前后利用递增负荷实验测定有氧运动能力；30 s Wingate实验测定无氧运动能力；近红外光谱测定技术（NIRS）监测高强度间歇运动实验中（反复5次30 s Wingate实验，间歇期4 min）股外侧肌氧含量的变化。结果显示：实验后，组内与实验前比较，EG受试者递增负荷实验时的最大摄氧量和最大有氧功率升高（P<0.05），1次Wingate实验时的峰值功率和平均功率增加（P<0.05），间歇运动实验中氧合血红蛋白和氧合肌红蛋白、脱氧血红蛋白和脱氧肌红蛋白以及组织氧合指数变化量的绝对值均显著性升高（P<0.05），血红蛋白总量无显著性改变（P>0.05）；CG受试者所有指标均无显著性变化（P>0.05）。结果表明：短期冲刺间歇训练改善了青年男子篮球运动员有氧、无氧运动能力以及间歇运动时外周骨骼肌的摄氧能力。

关 键 词：运动生理学；冲刺间歇训练；肌氧含量；运动能力；近红外光谱术；青年男子篮球运动员

中图分类号：G804.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2016）04-0122-05

Effects of short-term sprint interval training on the muscle oxygen content and athletic capacity of young male basketball players

ZHANG Xue-ling

（School of Physical Education，Zhengzhou University，Zhengzhou 450044，China）

Abstract： The author observed the effects of short-term sprint interval training on the muscle oxygen content and athletic capacity of young male basketball players， so as to provide a criterion for establishing training plans in a scientific and rational way. The author divided 30 young male basketball players randomly into an experiment group （EG， n=15） and a control group （CG， n=15）， let the players in group CG have normal training and let the players in group EG have 2 times of print interval training a week on the basis of normal training for 4 weeks， and respectively before and after the experiment， measured their aerobic exercise capacity by means of progressively increased load experiment， measured their anaerobic exercise capacity by means of 30s Wingate experiment， monitored the changing of vastus lateralis muscle oxygen content during high intensity interval exercise experiment （repeated 5 times of 30s Wingate experiment， interval 4min） by means of near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS）， and revealed the following findings： after the experiment， as compared with those measured before the experiment， the maximum oxygen uptake and maximum aerobic power of the testees in group EG increased （P<0.05） during progressively increased load experiment， their peak power and mean power increased （P<0.05） during 1 time Wingate experiment， during interval exercise experiment， the absolute values of change in oxyhaemoglobin+oxymyoglobin （HbO2+MbO2）， deoxyhaemoglobin+deoxymyoglobin （HHb+HMb） and tissue oxygenation index （TSI） increased significantly （P<0.05）， while total haemoglobin （tHb） had no significant change （P>0.05）； all the indexes of the testees in group CG had no significant change （P>0.05）. The said findings indicated that short-term print interval training improved the aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities of young male basketball players as well as their peripheral skeletal muscles oxygen uptake capacity during interval exercise.

Key words： sports physiology；sprint interval training；muscle oxygen content；athletic capacity；near infrared spectroscopy；youths basketball player

篮球项目常需要运动员在比赛中做出加速、全力冲刺等间歇性动作，其强度往往超出最大摄氧量（超大强度）并持续数秒。据统计，篮球运动员在一场比赛中的超大强度运动可占到总移动距离的11.2%～18.8%[1]，因此从总供能比例上看篮球属于有氧运动，但短时间无氧供能占到近1/4的比例，且无氧能力是决定比赛胜负的关键因素。冲刺间歇训练（sprint interval training，SIT）是高强度间歇训练的一种模式，可同时发展运动员有氧和无氧运动能力，其特点是以接近或超过最大有氧能力的强度运动与一定间歇交替进行[2]。SI……