孙卫红　王华倬　陈荔

摘 要：以职业生存状态为基础，通过问卷调查和数理统计分析，从个人因素、工作特性、组织支持、社会支持4个方面对中小学体育教师职业幸福感的影响因素进行研究，结果表明：个人因素、工作特性、组织支持、社会支持均与中小学体育教师职业幸福感显著相关，其中最为重要的因素包括：（1）中小学体育教师对工作的期待和兴趣以及自我价值的实现；（2）中小学体育教师工作与健康紧密联系的特点，以及在工作中特有的成就感和挑战性；（3）学校对中小学体育教师工作的合理评价和积极鼓励；（4）家长及家人朋友对中小学体育教师工作的支持。由此提出提升中小学体育教师职业幸福感的策略：（1）加强体育教师文化建设，提高体育教师职业认同感和群体凝聚力；（2）促进中小学体育教师专业发展，提升体育教师工作成就感；（3）完善学校管理制度，建立合理的中小学体育教师工作评价体系和激励机制；（4）借助社会体育发展的热潮，提高社会对体育教师职业的认识和价值认可。

关 键 词：学校体育；幸福感；职业生存状态；中小学体育教师

中图分类号：G807.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2016）04-0106-04

Factors that affect and strategies that improve the sense of occupational

happiness of elementary and middle school physical education teachers

——An analysis based on the status of occupational survival of physical education teachers

SUN Wei-hong1，WANG Hua-zhuo2，CHEN Li1

（1.School of Physical Education，Lingnan Normal University，Zhanjiang 524048，China；

2.School of Education，Beijing Sport University，Beijing 100084，China）

Abstract： Based on the status of occupational survival， by means of questionnaire survey and mathematical statistic analysis， the authors studied factors that affect the sense of occupational happiness of elementary and middle school physical education teachers in terms of personal factor， work characteristic， organizational support and social support. The results indicate that personal factor， work characteristic， organizational support and social support are all significantly correlative with the sense of occupational happiness of elementary and middle school physical education teachers， in which the most important factors include the followings： 1） the work expectation and interest as well as the realization of self value of elementary and middle school physical education teachers； 2） the characteristics of the work of elementary and middle school physical education teachers， which are closely related to health， as well as the particular sense of success and challenges in the work； 3） the schools can give rational evaluation and positive encouragement to the work of elementary and middle school physical education teachers； 4） support from the parents， family members and friends to the work of elementary and middle school physical education teachers. Hence the authors put forward the following strategies for improving the sense of happiness of elementary and middle school physical education teachers： 1） strengthen the cultural construction of physical education teachers； improve their sense of occupational recognition and group cohesion； 2） boost the professional development of elementary and middle school physical education teachers； improve their sense of work success； 3） perfect the school management system； establish a rational elementary and middle school physical education teacher work evaluation system and incentive mechanism； 4） with the help of the heat of social sports development， promote societys cognition and value recognition of such an occupation as physical education teacher.

Key words： school physical education；happiness；occupational living status；physical education teachers

当前关于教师职业幸福感的界定众说纷纭，以Dinner等[1]为代表的研究者认为，主观幸福感（subjective well-being，SWB）是个体依据自己设定的标准对其生活质量所作的整体评价，它包括了认知和情感两个基本成分，认知主要体现为经由对事物的评价而获得的满意度，情感则包括了在某种生活状态中的积极或消极的情绪情感体验。……