杨庆玲 彭小苑

[摘要] 目的 探讨食管癌术后患者早期肠内营养的护理干预的效果，为临床护理提供参考依据。 方法 以113例食管癌术后患者作为观察对象，随机分为两组，对照组57例，实验组56例。对照组实施静脉营养护理，实验组实施早期肠内营养护理，观察比较两组患者并发症的发生率、肠道功能恢复时间及住院时间。 结果 在并发症的发生率方面，实验组肺内感染率、腹泻率、静脉炎率、心律失常率及切口感染率分别为1.8%、0、5.4%、10.7%、1.8%；对照组分别8.8%、7.0%、15.8%、22.8%、5.3%；实验组并发症发生率均低于对照组；在住院时间方面，实验组（13.42±1.63）d短于对照组（18.75±1.49）d；在肠道功能恢复时间方面，实验组（55.26±8.61）h短于对照组（98.59±9.87）h。两组患者三方面的比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 对食管癌术后患者实施早期肠内营养护理，能够有效降低并发症的发生率，缩短肠道功能恢复时间以及住院时间，值得推广。

[关键词] 食管癌手术；早期肠内营养；护理干预

[中图分类号] R735.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721（2016）03（c）-0189-03

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effects of early enteral nutrition nursing intervention in postoperative esophageal，and to provide reference basis for clinical nursing. Methods 113 postoperative esophageal patients were selected as study object and were randomly divided into two groups.57 cases were in control group and 56 cases were in experimental group.Patients in control group were given intravenous nutrition nursing and patients in experimental group were given early enteral nutrition nursing.The incidence rate of complications，intestinal function recovery time and hospital stay in two groups were compared. Results In the aspect of incidence rate of complications，the lungs infection rates，diarrhea rate，rate of phlebitis，rate of arrhythmia and incision infection rate in experimental group were respectively 1.8%， 0， 5.4%， 10.7% and 1.8%，which were respectively 8.8%， 7.0%， 15.8%， 22.8% and 5.3% in control group.The incidence rate of complications in experimental group was lower than that of control group when compared between two groups.In the aspect of hospital stay， the experimental group was （13.42±1.63） d，shorter than that was （18.75±1.49） d in control group；In the aspect of intestinal function recovery time，the experimental group was （55.26±8.61） h， shorter than that was （98.59±9.87） h in control group.The differences were statistical significance in the three aspects（P<0.05）. Conclusion Conducting early enteral nutrition nursing in postoperative esophageal patients can decreases the incidence rate of complications effectively，shorten intestinal function recovery time and hospital stay and is worth to popularize.

[Key words] Esophageal operation；Early enteral nutrition；Nursing intervention

食管癌是临床上常见的恶性肿瘤之一，属于消化系统疾病的范畴。该肿瘤在我国的发病率及死亡率较高，居世界首位[1]。食管癌患者大多数都伴有不同程度的营养不良和免疫功能受损，由于长期不能进食，更令营养状况恶化，直接影响到手术成败。为了提高治愈率和降低病死率，术前、术后必须改善病人的营养不良和免疫力低下的状况，目前常规护理是给予全静脉营养液加强支持治疗，对预防感染、吻合口瘘和促进康复都具有重要的作用。本研究从分析食管癌术后护理方法入手，比较术后早期肠内营养在食管癌术后病人中的应用效果。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料