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宫颈癌放射治疗

2016-06-30唐嘉王华英

上海医药 2016年11期

唐嘉+王华英

摘 要 宫颈癌是常见女性生殖道恶性肿瘤,主要治疗手段为手术治疗和放射治疗。其中放射治疗分为根治性放疗、辅助放疗与姑息性放疗。对于早期宫颈癌,根治性放疗可取得与手术相类似的生存率,后装治疗能提高总生存率。对于局部晚期宫颈癌,根治性放疗较手术治疗并发症少、生活质量高,可作为FIGO分期IIB期以上的局部晚期宫颈癌病例的首选。对于分期手术后有复发中高危因素的患者,可行辅助放疗,能提高生存率。对于晚期或复发的宫颈癌患者,可行姑息性放疗进行局部病灶控制。对于阴道大出血的患者,后装治疗有理想的止血效果。

关键词 宫颈癌 根治性放疗 后装放疗 术中放疗 辅助放疗 同步放化疗

中图分类号:R737.33; R730.55 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)11-0020-05

The radiotherapy of cervical cancer

TANG Jia*, WANG Huaying**

(Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China)

ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is the common cancer in female genital tract. Primary treatment is surgery or radiotherapy including radical radiotherapy, adjuvant radiotherapy and palliative radiotherapy. Radical radiotherapy can get a same survival rate as a surgery for early stage cervical cancer and brachytherapy as an important part of radical radiotherapy can improve overall survival. For locally advanced cervical cancer, radical radiotherapy can achieve a curative effect with less complications and higher quality of life compared with surgery. Radical radiotherapy is the first choice for stage IIb or more advanced patients. For patients with high risk factors of recurrence after staging-surgery, the survival rate can be improved by adjuvant radiotherapy. For patients with recurrent cervical cancer, palliative radiotherapy is feasible for the control of local lesions. For vaginal bleeding patients, brachytherapy has an ideal hemostatic effect. Radiotherapy is an important treatment for cervical cancer and is a preferred treatment for locally advanced patients.

KEY WORDS cervical cancer; radical radiotherapy; brachytherapy; intraoperative radiotherapy; adjuvant radiotherapy; concurrent chemoradiotherapy

宫颈癌是对放疗敏感的肿瘤,位置浅表,是少数可通过放疗治愈的肿瘤之一。

早期宫颈癌的治疗可以选择手术或放疗,两者治疗效果相同[1],都能起到根治作用。对于FIGO分期IIB期以上局部晚期肿瘤,根治性放疗是首选治疗方法。

对于分期手术后,有复发中、高危因素的患者,辅助放疗是重要的辅助治疗手段,能增加局部肿瘤控制率、预防中央型复发、显著降低复发风险并提高总生存率[2]。

对于晚期或复发的宫颈癌患者,姑息性放疗能控制局部病灶,缓解压迫梗阻等症状。对于阴道大出血的患者,后装治疗有理想的止血效果。

1 根治性放疗

早期宫颈癌的治疗可以选择手术或放疗,两者治疗效果相同[1],都能起到根治作用。……

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