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宫颈癌的手术治疗

2016-06-30唐嘉王华英

上海医药 2016年11期

唐嘉+王华英

摘 要 宫颈癌是常见的女性生殖道恶性肿瘤类型,主要治疗手段为手术和放射治疗,其中手术治疗用于早期、主要是Ⅰ ~ ⅡA期的宫颈癌患者,而放射治疗用于ⅡB期及以上的局部晚期宫颈癌患者。换言之,手术治疗是早期宫颈癌患者的首选治疗手段。随着宫颈癌筛查的普及及筛查策略的改进,更多的早期患者得到诊断,加之宫颈癌发病的年轻化和治疗后长期生存率提高,患者对治愈后生活质量的要求也提高,因此宫颈癌的手术方式亦发生了很多变化。尽管传统的宫颈癌根治术和双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫术仍然常用,但保留生理和生育功能的手术治疗已取得了极大的进展。

关键词 宫颈癌 根治性手术 姑息性手术 筛查 前哨淋巴结示踪

中图分类号:R730.56; R737.33 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)11-0017-03

The surgical treatment of cervical cancer

TANG Jia*, WANG Huaying**

(Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China)

ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the genital tract of female. The primary treatment is surgery for the patients with early stage cervical cancer from stage I to stage IIA or radiation therapy for the patients with stage IIB and more advanced cervical cancer. In other words, radical surgery is a better choice for earlier stage patients. More patients were diagnosed at an earlier stage with the popularity of cervical cancer screening and the improvement of the screening strategy. Meanwhile, a lot of changes have happened for the radical surgeries of cervical cancer since the rising of the morbidity in younger patients and the long-term survival rate after treatment and the increase of requirements of the patients for better quality of life of post-cure. Although traditional radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy are still popular in primary surgery treatment, great progress has been made in the surgical treatment which can maintain the physiological and reproductive function.

KEY WORDS cervical cancer; radical surgery; palliative surgery; screening; sentinel lymphnode mapping

宫颈癌是女性常见恶性肿瘤类型。虽然在过去30年中,宫颈癌的全球发病率和死亡率逐年下降,但在中、低收入水平国家,宫颈癌仍是主要的恶性肿瘤死因[1],这些国家的宫颈癌患者数及因此死亡数分别占全球的80%及88%。

在我国,2012年宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率分列女性恶性肿瘤的第5和第8位[2],较2009年均有所下降[3],与全球趋势相同。不过,我国宫颈癌的整体发病年龄有年轻化的趋势[4],<35岁患者所占比例从4%上升至16%[5],全球发达国家的此比例为15% ~ 20%[6]。

宫颈癌患者的5年生存率随疾病期别上升而显著下降,其中ⅠA1期、ⅡA期、ⅢA期和ⅣA期宫颈癌患者的5年生存率分别为97.5%、73.4%、39.7%和22.0%[7]。仅行手术治疗的宫颈癌患者的预后最好,5年生存率达94.7%,他们通常是早期低危患者,术后不需辅助治疗。……

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