人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌
2016-06-30陈守真夏和霞张炜
陈守真+夏和霞+张炜
摘 要 宫颈癌是常见的妇科三大恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁着女性的生命和健康。研究发现,人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomaviruses, HPV)感染与宫颈癌的发生、发展关系密切。HPV致癌是一个多步骤的、渐进的复杂过程,其中早期基因编码的E6、E7蛋白起着关键作用,早期基因编码的E2蛋白和晚期基因编码的L1蛋白也参与了致癌过程。阐明HPV致癌的机制有助于临床工作者加深对宫颈癌的认识、积极筛查和治疗HPV感染以减少宫颈癌的发生,有利于对已确诊为宫颈癌或癌前病变患者的治疗评估和风险分析。
关键词 宫颈癌 人乳头瘤病毒 早期蛋白 致癌机制
中图分类号:R730.231; R737.33 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)11-0003-05
Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer
CHEN Shouzhen, XIA Hexia, ZHANG Wei*
(Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China)
ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecologic malignant tumors and can seriously threaten the health of women. There are many studies which confirmed that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was an essential condition for the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. Carcinogenesis of HPV is a gradual complex process with multiple steps, in which protein E6 and E7 encoded by early genes are thought to play a key role, while protein E2 and L1 are also involved in the carcinogenesis. Elucidation of the mechanism of carcinogenic HPV is helpful for gynecologists to deepen the awareness of cervical cancer and to actively screen and treat HPV infection so as to reduce the occurrence of cervical cancer, which is of benefit to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cervical cancer or precancerous lesions.
KEY WORDS cervical cancer; human papillomavirus; early protein; carcinogenesis
宫颈癌是常见的妇科三大恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁着女性的生命和健康,其发病率在女性恶性肿瘤中位居第2位,仅次于乳腺癌,全世界每年约有50万新发病例,同时有25万死亡病例[1]。目前,国内宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率均较高,并且出现了病例年轻化的趋势。深刻认识宫颈癌、全面开展筛查工作、及早诊断、系统治疗宫颈癌成为妇产科医师的一项重要工作。大量的临床医学研究及流行病学调查均发现,人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus, HPV)感染与宫颈癌的发生、发展关系密切:HPV感染可引起子宫颈上皮内肿瘤(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN)及宫颈癌的发生,其中高危型HPV的持续感染是促进宫颈癌发生的最主要因素[2]。因此,研究HPV感染与宫颈癌的关系对开展宫颈癌的预防和治疗工作有着重要意义。本文就HPV的生物学特征、致宫颈癌的分子生物学机制和检测现状作一综述。……
