高素红++吉志新++宋士涛++温晓蕾++聂倩文++候丽思

摘 要：对从压榨油脂后黄粉虫幼虫的虫粕制得的粗甲壳素的最佳脱色工艺条件进行了研究。以甲壳素的蓝光白度为指标，通过对比试验，确定了高锰酸钾宜为黄粉虫幼虫虫粕粗甲壳素的脱色剂，亚硫酸氢钠为其还原剂，采用正交试验设计对黄粉虫幼虫虫粕粗甲壳素的脱色工艺条件进行研究。结果表明：影响黄粉虫幼虫虫粕粗甲壳素脱色效果的作用因素，由大到小依次为反应时间>高锰酸钾浓度>浸泡温度>固液比。黄粉虫幼虫虫粕中甲壳素脱色的最佳工艺条件为高锰酸钾浓度为2%，固液比1∶25，反应时间为4 h，浸泡温度为50 ℃。经验证，该工艺条件下制取的甲壳素蓝光白度大于86%。

关键词： 黄粉虫幼虫虫粕；甲壳素；正交试验；脱色工艺

中图分类号：O636 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.07.010

Abstract：In this paper， the decoloring process of crude chitin of Tenebrio molitor larva meal after squeezing oil was studied. On the basis of the blue-ray whiteness index of chitin， the contrast test was used to determine the KMnO4 as the decoloring agent for the crude chitin of Tenebrio molitor larva meal and sodium bisulfite as the reducing agent. Orthogonal experimental design was used to study the bleaching conditions of crude chitin of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal. The results showed that concentration of potassium permanganate， soaking time， soaking temperature， the solid-liquid ratio have great influence on decolorization of crude chitin. The influence degree is as follows， the reaction time > potassium permanganate concentration > soaking temperature > solid-liquid ratio. The optimum conditions in bleaching of crude chitin of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal are as follows， the potassium permanganate concentration is 2%， the solid-liquid ratio is 1‥25， the reaction time is 4 h， and the soaking temperature is 50 ℃. It is proved that the white degree of chitin was more than 86% under the condition of this process.

Key words： Tenebrio mollilor larva meal；chitin；orthogonal test；decolorization process

甲壳素是一种生物大分子，具有结晶性、生物活性及可自然降解、再生等优点，作为功能材料具有广阔的应用前景[1]。昆虫的体壁主要由甲壳素构成，因此，昆虫是一座巨大的甲壳素资源库[2]。黄粉虫作为目前已产业化的昆虫资源，在饲养和加工过程中，产生了大量的虫蜕及幼虫压榨油脂后废弃的体壁等[3]，为甲壳素的资源开发和生产提供了大量原料。

与虾壳来源制备的甲壳素相比，从黄粉虫中提取的甲壳素，灰分含量较低，分子量较小，可进一步用来制备低分子量、脱乙酰度较高的壳聚糖[4]。以往对于黄粉虫甲壳素的研究，多集中在甲壳素的提取工艺上，其脱色工艺的研究相对较少。由于黄……