古代墓室壁画地仗加固材料的室内研究
2016-06-03赵林毅李黎樊再轩李最雄
赵林毅 李黎 樊再轩 李最雄



内容摘要:通过对烧料礓石、烧阿嘎土和欧洲水硬石灰NHL5矿物成分及这三种胶凝材料分别与石英砂、粉煤灰做填料的浆液结石体物理力学特性的分析对比,发现烧料礓石、烧阿嘎土、水硬石灰NHL5的化学组成主要是气性胶凝材料石灰CaO(或Ca(OH)2)和水硬性胶凝材料β-硅酸钙(β-C2S)及铝硅酸钙(C2AS)。试验研究表明,这些材料的结石体有相近的弹性波速和适宜的初凝速度及终凝速度,有强的抗冻融性、水稳定性、耐碱性介质及耐温湿度变化对其强度的影响性。同时,三种胶凝材料结石体孔隙率大,既有好的透气、透水性,又有好的与岩土文物本体结合的兼容性,适宜做古代墓室壁画地仗的修复加固材料。
关键词:料礓石;阿嘎土;水硬石灰;壁画;地仗;修复
中图分类号:K854.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2016)02-0108-09
Abstract: By analyzing the ore elements contained in calcined ginger nut, calcined Aga soil, and Europe hydraulic lime NHL5, and by comparing the mechanics of the three materials with concretions made by silicon and fly ash, it can be found that the chemical constituents of the three aforementioned materials are CaO[or Ca(OH)2, as a gas concretion], β-C2S, and C2AS(the hydraul concretion). The concretions made by these materials have similar flexible wave speeds and suitable congeal speeds(at beginning and end), strong durability of freezing-thawing resistance, water stability, durability of alkali, and durability against changing temperature and humidity. Meanwhile, the porosity of the concretions of the three materials is large, and the concretions exhibit good penetration for gas and water and good compatibility, which makes them ideal conservation materials for repairing the plaster of ancient tomb paintings.
Keywords: ginger nut; Aga soil; hydraulic lime; wall painting; plaster; restoration
1 前 言
我国保存了大量从秦、汉到元、明、清历史上各个朝代的墓室壁画,如陕西的唐墓壁画、河南的汉墓壁画、甘肃的魏晋墓壁画、山西的北齐壁画、河北的汉唐辽金壁画、吉林的高句丽时期壁画等。这些壁画都是我国珍贵文化遗产的重要组成部分[1]。
大量的墓室壁画,只有极少数由于国家的重大工程、无法抵御的自然环境因素造成严重破坏等原因,搬迁保存在环境适宜的博物馆,绝大部分仍保存在高湿度的地下墓室中[2]。多年来,由于一直没有找到适宜的高湿度环境中墓室壁画地仗的修复材料,许多墓室壁画地仗脱落而得不到及时修复,继续遭到严重毁坏。……
