唐宋时期“药中王”诃梨勒医方探析
2016-06-03僧海霞
僧海霞
内容摘要:唐宋时期,敦煌是丝绸之路前沿重镇,中西物质、文化在此交汇,被誉为“药中王”的胡药诃梨勒,在中国的医疗实践中得到广泛使用,其盛况在敦煌遗书中多有体现。它不仅为中西物质文化交流提供了实证,而且展现了唐宋时期中医科技文化的发展状况。它的相关医方为现存诃梨勒医方的合理性和科学性提供了有力佐证,也为新医方的研发提供一定的借鉴。
关键词:诃梨勒;医方;敦煌遗书
中图分类号:G256.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2016)02-0067-06
Abstract: Dunhuang was a frontier town on the Silk Road and an important point where Chinese and western goods and cultures met in the Tang and Song dynasties. This cultural exchange included chebule, a kind of medicine known in China as the“crown”of medicine that was used widely throughout China, as verified by Dunhuang documents. This medicine and the literature regarding it has not only provided physical material for the cultural exchanges between China and the West, but also showed the development of Chinese medicinal science during the Tang and Song dynasties. Relevant prescriptions for chebule bear witness to the rationality and scientific nature of todays prescriptions of the drug and also provided some reference for the research and development of new prescriptions.
Keywords: chebule; prescriptions; Dunhuang documents
敦煌遗书中的医学典籍,是我国已出土医药文献中数量最大、内容最丰富的部分,是极其珍贵的传统医药遗产[1]。对于这批医药文书,医药学界和历史学界的学者均致力其间,目前已取得一定的成果,李应存[2]、王春艳、张如青[3]、刘喜平[4]等对此已有总结,此不赘述。这批遗书中,P.3378《杂疗病药方残卷 》、P.3731《唐人选方》丙卷、P.2882《不知名医方第六种残卷》、P.3596《不知名医方第九种残卷》、P.2662-2《不知名医方第十六种残卷》、S.5091《乞药笺》等均载有诃梨勒医方,这为我们提供了唐宋时期诃梨勒的药用实况,值得探究。
诃梨勒原名诃子,始见于《南方草木状》,诃黎、诃梨和随风子是其别称。据《周书·异域志》、《隋书·西域传》和《旧唐书·波斯传》记载,诃梨勒原产于波斯[5],“今岭南皆有,而广州最盛。”据《唐国史补》卷下“三勒浆,类酒,法出波斯。三勒者,谓摩勒、毗梨勒、诃梨勒”和敦煌研究院藏《归义军衙内酒破历》第十四条“廿一日支纳呵梨勒胡酒一瓮”记载,诃梨勒是胡酒的一种原料。……
