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利用三维激光扫描测量数据与电脑绘图软件绘制敦煌彩塑

2016-06-03吕文旭段奇三

敦煌研究 2016年2期

吕文旭 段奇三

内容摘要:作为文物的敦煌彩塑需要重点保护,不能随意触碰与移动,但其本身结构复杂,具有不规则性,且所处空间狭小,测绘难度较大。数字化是文物保护工作的重要内容与手段,如何利用数字化手段和成果精确绘制各种考古测绘图需要在实践中逐步探索。本文以莫高窟第275窟主尊(交脚菩萨)为例阐述了利用三维激光扫描测量手段,非接触式测量与三维复制敦煌彩塑,并利用三维点云数据精确绘制彩塑的图纸。

关键词:三维激光扫描;敦煌彩塑;数字化考古

中图分类号:K879.3;K854 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2016)02-0055-05

Abstract: As cultural relics, the painted statues of Dunhuang should be regarded as a focus of cultural conservation efforts and should not be carelessly touched and moved. However, the complex structure and irregular shape of the statues make it hard to draw pictures in the narrow spaces in which they are confined. Digitization is an important method and aspect of cultural relic conservation, for which reason practical exploration of techniques for drawing accurate archaeological mappings by using digital technology and data is very important. Taking the central statue in Mogao Cave 275 as an example, this paper demonstrates how to measure and duplicate the painted statues of Dunhuang using 3D laser scanning data to accurately draw pictures of the statues in combination with 3D point cloud data, all without making physical contact with the relics.

Keywords: 3D laser scanning drawing; Dunhuang painted statues; digital archaeology

考古绘图是在考古发掘人类及自然历史文化遗迹所存留的专业考古发掘现场以线的形式绘制地形图、地理位置图、遗址规划及地层堆积和遗迹现象的测绘。考古测量是将测量学应用于考古学研究当中,使用测量学的方法和技术记录、说明考古学资料,并直接服务于考古学研究,它所采用的技术也是在田野考古测绘的基础上发展而来的[1]。

《敦煌石窟全集·第一卷·莫高窟第266—275窟考古报告》)(以下简称为《第一卷·考古报告》从项目启动到出版发行,历时数年,以文字、测绘图、摄影图片等形式,详细记录和描绘了敦煌莫高窟早期11个洞窟。本次测绘采用了先进的三维激光扫描测量技术和计算机软件绘图的方法,打破了传统的纯手工测绘制图,避免了接触式测量对洞窟文物的损坏,同时提高了绘图的精度,又将洞窟所在的位置融入了大地坐标系中。……

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